CLASSIFIED NOTES 471 



quarters lie in North-west India, but it occurs casually in South Germany, Heligoland (about 

 fifteen times), Austria, S. France, England (five times), and Scotland (three times), as well as 

 frequently in Italy. [F. c. R. j.] 



YELLOWBREASTED-BUNTING [Emberlza aurtola Pallas. German, Weidenammer ; Italian, 



/"In < lit I failure], 



1. Description. The male is recognised by the deep chesnut band across the throat. 

 Length 5i in. [140 mm.]. Whole of the upper parts deep chesnut; lesser wing- and secondary 

 coverts white, forming a patch on the shoulders ; primary flight-feathers and tail dark brown, 

 the outer pair having an elongated patch of white on the inner web ; sides of the face, throat, 

 and fore-neck blackish chesnut ; remainder of the under surface sulphur-yellow ; axillaries and 

 under wing-coverts yellowish white. The adult female is rufous brown above, plainly and 

 broadly streaked with black; lower back and rump inclining to chesnut; no white patch on 

 the shoulders : cheeks and throat butt'; remainder of the under surface of the body pale sulphur- 

 yellow ; sides and flanks streaked with blackish brown. In the winter the chesnut feathers of 

 the back and throat have ash-grey margins, [w. p. p. and T. w.] 



2. Distribution. In Europe this species is only known to breed in Russia, east of Lake 

 Onega and north of lat. 50. In Asia it breeds across the continent east to Kamtschatka, Man- 

 churia, the Commander Isles, and apparently Japan. Its normal winter migrations extend 

 southward to Siam and India, but it occasionally visits Europe, and has been recorded from 

 Austria, Bohemia, Italy, S. France, Heligoland, and twice from England (Norfolk, 1905 and 

 1907). [F.C.H.J.] 



ORTOLAN [Emberlza hortuldna Linnaeus. French, bruant ortolan ; German, Qartenammer 

 Ortolan ; Italian, ortolano]. 



1. Description. Distinguished by the uniform chesnut hue of the under parts (i.e. with no 

 streaks of black) and by its olive-yellow throat. The sexes differ in coloration. Length 6 in. 

 [152 mm.]. Head dusky greenish olive ; general colour of the upper parts reddish brown, 

 with rather broad mesial streaks of black ; lower back and rump uniform ; primary quills and 

 tail blackish brown, the latter with the two outer pairs of tail feathers marked with white on 

 the terminal half of the inner web ; middle of the throat olive-yellow ; fore-neck and chest 

 greenish olive ; remainder of the under surface of the body pale cinnamon rufous ; axillaries 

 and under wing-coverts pale yellow ; eyelids white. The adult female resembles the adult male 

 in general appearance, but is much paler below, the under parts being more yellowish, 

 [w. p. P. and T. w.] 



2. Distribution. In Europe the ortolan is widely but locally distributed in the breeding 

 season, its range extending north to lat. 68 40' N. in Sweden and 57 in the Urals, while south- 

 ward it is found in the countries north of the Mediterranean and Black Seas, as well as in 

 North-west Africa, and in Asia from Asia Minor and Syria east to Afghanistan and West 

 Mongolia. Though resident in the Mediterranean region, it is a regular migrant in Middle and 

 Northern Europe, wintering in Africa south to Abyssinia, and occurring in Kashmir. Not un- 

 common on migration in Great Britain, and once recorded from Ireland. [F. c. R. J.] 



ROCK OR MEADOW -BUNTING [Emberlza, cia Linnaeus. French, bruant fan; German, 

 Zipammer; Italian, zigolo muciatto]. 



1. Description. Most nearly resembles the East Siberian meadow- bunting, but lacks the 

 chesnut band across the chest. Length 6 in. [152 mm.]. The sexes are alike, excepting that 

 the female is duller. General colour of the upper parts rufescent brown, with broad streaks of 



