CLASSIFIED NOTES 473 



2. Distribution. In Europe the breeding range of this species is confined to Norrland 

 in North Sweden, where it has been found nesting in Westerbotten and Norbotten ; in Finland, 

 where it breeds regularly, not only on the east side but also near Sotkamo, and North Russia to 

 lat. 62 in the Urals on the east and Russian Lapland on the west side. In Asia it apparently 

 ninges across the continent east to Amuria and Kamtschatka, and is common in Transbaikalia. 

 On migration the main body moves southward to Turkestan and through Manchuria to China 

 and Japan, but some move erratically westward and have been recorded from Austria, Germany, 

 Heligoland, South France, Italy, Holland, and about eleven times from Great Britain. Also 

 casual in Alaska. [F. c. R. .1.] 



LITTLE-BUNTING [Emleriza pus'dla Pallas. French, bruant nain ; German, Zwergammer 

 Italian, sigolo miuore], 



1. Description. Recognised by its black head, with a line of chesnut down the middle 

 The sexes are alike, excepting that the female is less brightly coloured. Adult male, length 

 5 in. [127 mm.]. Plumage of the upper parts rufous brown, with distinct black mesial 

 streaks on the feathers of the mantle, back, rump, and scapulars ; tail feathers smoke-brown 

 the two outer pairs with an elongated patch of white on the inner web ; head black, with 

 a band of deep chesnut down the middle; lores, and a patch under the eye as well as the 

 throat, chesnut ; crop region white, with broad black streaks continued down the sides of the 

 body ; remainder of under surface white ; iris brown ; bill brown ; feet grey. After the autumn 

 moult the adults become more rufous, with reddish edges to the feathers of the upper parts. 

 [ w. P. P. and T. w.] 



2. Distribution. In Europe its breeding grounds are confined to North Russia, where it is 

 found nesting from Onega Bay in the west to the Urals on the east, chiefly between lat. 64 N. and 

 the tree limit. It is locally common in the deltas of the Dwina and Petschora. In Asia it is 

 also found across Siberia east to the mouth of the Amur and Mongolia and south to Turkestan. 

 On migration it ranges through China to North India and Burma, also occasionally to Japan, 

 the Andamans, and Philippines ; while a good many have been recorded from Europe South 

 Sweden, Heligoland, Germany, Austria, Holland, and Belgium, France, Italy, and regularly 

 in small numbers to the British Isles. Most of the records are from Scotland, especially Fair 

 Island; only about six English and one Irish record. Also from Algeria and Asia Minor. 

 [F. c. R J.] 



WESTERN MARSH-BUNTING [Emberiza palustris palustris Savi. Western largebilled 

 or thickbilled reed-bunting. French, bruant des marais; German, dickschnabelig 

 Eohram.rn.er ; Italian, passera di padule]. 



1. Description. Distinguished from the Eastern race in having the sides and flanks 

 streaked with chesnut. The sexes are different in coloration. Adult male, length 6J in. 

 [165 mm.]. Head deep black, separated from the mantle by a deep broad collar of white 

 feathers ; upper surface of the body reddish brown, very broadly streaked with black ; 

 wings greyish brown, margined on the outer webs with chesnut at the base and with buft' 

 towards the extremity ; middle tail feathers brownish ash, with a broad band of black down 

 the middle; 2nd to 4th pairs black, and the two outer pairs mostly white; chin, throat, 

 and middle of chest black ; remainder of under parts white, striped down the sides and flanks 

 with chesnut. Adult female differs from the adult male in lacking the black head and throat, 

 these being blackish brown, streaked with black like the mantle ; the white collar of the male 

 is replaced with one of drab-grey, mixed with black ; remainder of the under parts similar 

 to that of the male. The adults in winter are more rufous on the wings, and the black feathers 

 of the head are fringed with buff. [w. p. p. and T. w.] 



