478 RARE BRITISH BIRDS 



breast pinkish chesnut, with a few blackish spots on the latter ; remainder of the under surface 

 of the body rich buff; sides and flanks streaked with black. The adult female is similar to the 

 above, but has only the throat vinous chesnut and the fore-neck heavily spotted with black. 

 [\v. P. P. and T. w.] 



2. Distribution. In Europe this species breeds only in Northern Norway (chiefly in Fin- 

 mark), Sweden (in Swedish Lapland), and in North Russia, from Russian Lapland to the tundra 

 beyond the forest growth which borders the White and Kara Seas, as well as on Kolguev, 

 Wai'gatz, and Dolgoi. In Asia its breeding range extends along the northern coasts of Siberia 

 east to Kamtschatka and the Kuriles, and possibly even to Alaska. On migration it ranges 

 southward in Africa to Nubia and East Africa, while in Asia it winters in Arabia, India, Burma, 

 and in small numbers reaches the Malay Archipelago. To Western Europe it is a more 

 irregular visitor, but has been recorded from the Faeroes, Spain, and in North Africa from 

 Marocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. In North America it is of casual occurrence in the Aleutian 

 Isles and S. California. There are seven definite records from the British Isles (two Sussex, one 

 Kent, three the Shetlands, and one Mayo), and it has been seen on St. Kilda. [F. c. R. J.] 



SCANDINAVIAN BOCK - PIPIT [Anthus spinoletta littordlis Brehm ; Anthus rupestris 

 Nilsson. French, pipi des roch.es ; German, Felsenpieper]. 



1. Description. Distinguished from the British rock-pipit (see vol. i. p. 236) by the more 

 vinous under-surface of the body. Length 7 in. [178 mm.]. General colour of the upper 

 parts olive-brown, with indistinct blackish centres to the feathers, especially those of the 

 mantle; primaries and secondaries blackish brown, margined with olive-brown; tail feathers 

 dark olive-brown on the outer web, smoke-coloured on the terminal half of the inner web; 

 cheeks yellowish white, spotted with blackish brown ; centre of throat yellowish white ; fore- 

 neck and chest olive-yellow, streaked with blackish brown and washed with vinous ; remainder 

 of the under surface of the body yellowish white ; sides of the body olive-yellow, streaked with 

 blackish brown ; iris brown ; base of the lower mandible yellow, both mandibles black in the 

 breeding season ; legs flesh-colour, [w. p. p. and T. w.] 



2. Distribution. The breeding-grounds of this species lie on the Baltic coasts of Scan- 

 dinavia, the Cattegat, and the Swedish coast up to lat. 61, as well as some of the islands in the 

 Cattegat and Russian Lapland west of the Ribatchi Peninsula. Collett states that the form 

 which breeds along the Norwegian coast is the British race, A. spinoletta obacurus. During the 

 winter it occurs commonly on Heligoland, and also visits the coasts of Germany, Belgium, and 

 North France, as well as those of Great Britain (English and Welsh coasts, but not Scotland). 

 [F. c. R. J.] 



AMERICAN-PIPIT [A-Athus spinoletta rubescens (Tunstall). Pennsylvanian-pipit]. 



1. Description. Distinguished from the water-pipit by the lores, eyebrow, and sides of 

 face, which are vinaceous like the under parts. The sexes resemble one another, but in the 

 female the throat and chest are more spotted with brown. General colour of the upper 

 parts dark ash-grey, with a few indistinct blackish centres to the feathers; primaries and 

 secondaries blackish brown, fringed on their outer webs with whitish grey; tail blackish 

 brown, the two outer pairs largely white ; under parts rich ochreous buff, spotted on the chest 

 with blackish brown and streaked on the flanks with black, [w. p. p. and T. w.] 



2. Distribution. Breeds in the Arctic regions of North America from Greenland and 

 Newfoundland on the east side to Alaska and Great Slave Lake on the west. Also on high 

 mountains south to California and Mexico, and in the Aleutian Isles and North-east Siberia. 

 In the winter months ranges south, wintering from the southern United States to Guatemala. 

 Casual on Heligoland (twice), and once on St. Kilda (September 1910). [F. c. R. J.] 



