AS MEANS OF IDENTIFICATION 567 



(i) Genua Sylvia. Beak short, stout, seiui-cylindrical ; nostrils in a fossa, covered by 

 a membranous operculum ; outermost (10th) primary vestigial, not exceeding, or 

 very slightly exceeding , the major coverts; acrotarsium with numerous scutellae. 

 (Vol. ii. p. 1.) 



(k) Gemts Reytdus. Beak slender, straight, slightly notched at the tip ; nostril oval, 

 with a membranous operculum concealed by a small plume ; acrotarsium covered 

 with a single scale ; outer and middle toes united at the base ; claws long and 

 curved. (Vol. ii. p. 10.) 



(1) Genus Hypolain. Beak stout, wide at the base ; rictal bristles obsolete ; outer- 

 most (10th) primary vestigial, not extending beyond the level of the primary 

 coverts ; tarsus short. (Vol. iv. p. 491.) 



(m) Genus Agrobates. Beak relatively stout; rictal bristles obsolete; 10th primary 

 emarginate, slightly longer than major coverts ; tail fan-shaped. (Vol. iv. p. 490.) 



(n) Genus Phylloscopux. Beak short, straight, slender ; nostrils in a large fossa, 

 covered with a membranous operculum ; feathers of the forehead continued 

 forward above the operculum ; rictal bristles obsolete ; outermost (10th) primary 

 longer than major coverts ; acrotarsium scutellate. (Vol. ii. p. 13.) 



(o) Genus Herbivocula. Beak relatively short and stout ; rictal bristles well 

 developed ; outermost (10th) primary twice the length of the major coverts. 

 (Vol. iv. p. 491.) 



( p) Genus Cettia. Beak very slender, small and pointed ; rictal bristles obsolete ; 

 wing very short and rounded ; outermost (10th) primary long, half as long as 

 penultimate remex ; tail fan-shaped, of ten feathers ; tinder tail-coverts very long, 

 extending to terminal one-third of tail. (Vol. iv. p. 493.) 



(q) Genus Acrocephalus. Beak relatively large, depressed basally; rictal bristles 

 strong ; outermost (10th) primary vestigial ; tail rounded. (Vol. ii. p. 19.) 



(r) Genus Locustella. Beak very slender ; rictal bristles obsolete ; outermost (10th) 

 primary vestigial, not reaching to the end of the primary coverts ; tail fan-shaped ; 

 under tail-coverts very long, extending to the end of the outermost rectrices. 

 (Vol. ii. p. 26.) 



9. FAMILY ACCENTORIDJE HEDGE-SPARROWS. 



Beak thrush-like, but with a slight indentation in front of the nostrils ; cutting edges 

 inflected ; acrotarsium with numerous distinct scutellse. 



(a) Genus Accentor. Nostrils in a fossa, covered with a membraneous operculum ; 

 rictal bristles obsolete ; outermost (10th) primary slightly longer than the major 

 coverts. (Vol. ii. p. 95.) 



10. FAMILY STURNIDjE STARLINGS. 



Beak moderately long, depressed, pointed ; nostrils oblong, covered by a membranous 

 operculum which is partly encircled by feathers of the forehead ; gape angulated ; 

 acrotarsium scutellate ; outermost (10th) primary vestigial. 



(a) Genus Sturnus. Feathers of nape, neck, and fore-breast lanceolate ; tail short, 



about half the length of the wing ; plumage metallic. (Vol. ii. p. 104.) 



(b) Genus Pastor. Differs from Sturnus in having the beak shorter and more 



arched ; adult with a large crest. Coloration of adult pink and black. (Vol. ii. 

 p. 108.) 



11. FAMILY ORIOLID^ ORIOLES. 



Beak moderately long, conical, and slightly decurved, notched at the tip ; rictal bristles 



