AS MEANS OF IDENTIFICATION 571 



6. FAMILY CORACIIDJE ROLLERS. 



Foot anisodactyle ; wing eutaxic ; caeca long; oil-gland nude. 



(a) Genus Coracias. Beak stout, slightly decurved ; gape wide ; nostrils partly hidden 

 by sefce ; tail of twelve feathers, long and truncated ; tarso-metatarsus short, 

 scutellated. (Vol. ii. p. 422.) 



7. FAMILY MEROPID.E BEE-EATERS. 



Foot svndactyle ; wing eutaxic ; oil-gland nude ; cajca long ; sternum with a spina communis 

 ("a) Genus Merops. Beak long, slender, decurved ; nostrils covered by setae ; tail long 

 of twelve feathers, the middle pair produced into streamers. (Vol. iv. p. 504.) 



8. FAMILY UPUPID*: HOOPOES. 



Foot syndactyle ; wing diastataxic ; tongue vestigial ; a large spina communis ; oil-gland 

 tufted ; ten tail feathers ; caeca wanting. 



(a) Gemis Upupa. Beak long, slender, decurved, pointed, and laterally compressed ; 

 nostrils concealed by setse ; both acrotarsium and planta scutellated ; head with a 

 large erectile double crest ; no aftershaft ; oil-gland tufted. (Vol. ii. p. 433.) 



9. FAMILY ALCEDINIDJE KINGFISHERS. 



Feather-tracts downy ; wing diastataxic ; eleven primaries ; no aftershaft ; oil-gland tufted ; 

 a long spina externa, spina interna wanting ; foot syndactyle ; caeca vestigial ; tongue 

 degenerate. 



(a) Genus Alcedo. Beak long, straight, pointed, wide at the gape ; nostrils closed by a 



membrane ; tail very short, twelve feathers ; blue and red coloration. (Vol. ii. 

 p. 446.) 



(b) Genus Ceryle. Distinguished from Alcedo by the long tail and more pointed wings, 



and the black and white spotted plumage. (Vol. iv. p. 505.) 



SUBORDER: CUCULI 



Foot zygodactyle ; wing eutaxic ; desmognathous ; basipterygoid processes wanting ; oil- 

 gland nude ; two carotids ; caeca functional ; ambiens present. 



10. FAMILY CUCULHXE CUCKOOS. 



Syrinx tracheo-bronchial ; ventral feather-tract single at its base. 



(a) Genus Cuculus. Beak short, slightly decurved ; gape wide ; nostrils circular, with 

 a membranous rim ; wings long and pointed ; tail long, fan-shaped, of ten feathers ; 

 tarso-metatarsus feathered for nearly half its length. (Vol. ii. p. 458.) 

 b) Genus Clamator (Coccystes). Differs from Cuculus in having the nostrils oval, the 

 wing rounded, and less feathering on the tarsus. (Vol. iv. p. 505.) 



(c) Genus Coccyzus. Not to be distinguished from Coccystes save in coloration. 



(Vol. iv. p. 505.) 



Ill 



ORDER: CHARADRIIFORMES 



Palate schizognathous ; nostrils schizorhinal ; wing diastataxic, with eleven primaries. 



SUBORDER: COLUMBJE 



Nestling nidicolous ; crop very large, bi-lobed ; caeca vestigial ; syrinx with asymmetrical 

 extrinsic muscles; basipterygoid processes present; oil-gland nude or wanting; feathers 



