AS MEANS OF IDENTIFICATION 575 



2. FAMILY OTITIDID^ BUSTARDS. 



Oil-gland absent ; hind-toe absent ; sternum double-notched ; wing diastataxic. 



(a) Genus Otis. Lateral neck spaces obsolete ; nostrils oval, open ; tail of twenty 

 feathers; tarso-metatarsus reticulated before and behind. (Vol. iii. p. 541.) 



3. FAMILY RALLID-ffi RAILS. 



Oil-gland present, tufted ; hind-toe well developed ; sternum single-notched posteriorly, very- 

 narrow ; toes very long ; wings rounded ; tail feebly developed ; wing diastataxic. 



(a) Genus Crex. Culmen shorter than the inner toe ; tarso-metatarsus equal in length 



to the middle toe and claw. (Vol. iii. p. 555.) 



(6) Genus Porzana. Culmen shorter than the head ; tarso-metatarsus shorter than 

 middle toe and claw ; secondaries very short, falling far short of the tips of the 

 primaries in the closed wing. (Vol. iii. p. 557.) 



(c) Genus RalLus. Beak long, decurved ; tarso-metatarsus shorter than middle toe 



and claw. (Vol. iii. p. 560.) 



(d) Genus Gallinula. Culmen extending backwards on to the forehead to form a 

 large, soft, oval shield ; tarso-metatarsus reticulated behind ; toes with narrow 

 lateral membranes. (Vol. iii. p. 562.) 



(e) Genus Fulica. Culrnen extending backwards on to forehead to form a large, soft, 



oval shield ; toes lobed. (Vol. iii. p. 564.) 



ORDER: GALLIFORMES 



Palate schizognathous ; nostrils holorhinal ; basipterygoids present ; caeca large ; crop large ; 

 sternum deeply cleft posteriorly, with a large spina coinmunis; wing eutaxic; aftershaft large; 

 hind-toe well developed ; young nidifugous. 



1. FAMILY PHASIANIDJE PHEASANTS. 



Hallux raised above the level of the front toes ; vomer degenerate ; inner pair of sternal 

 notches extending forwards beyond the level of the base of the keel. 



(a) Genus Tetrao. 1 Nostrils feathered ; with a narrow supra-orbital wattle ; tarso- 



metatarsus feathered ; toes with lateral horny fringes, spurs wanting ; eighteen 

 rect rices. (Vol. iv. p. 1.) 



(b) Genus Lagopus. Nostrils feathered; with a narrow supra-orbital wattle; tarso- 



metatarsus and toes completely feathered, spurs wanting; sixteen rectrices. 

 (Vol. iv. p. 5.) 



(c) Genus Phasianus. Nostrils covered with a leathery operculum ; side of head with 



a large red, papillated, erectile wattle ; legs scutellated, armed with spurs ; tail 

 fan-shaped. (Vol. iv. p. 37.) 



(d) Genus Perdix. Nostrils covered with a leathery operculum ; a small area of bare 

 skin below the eye; legs scutellated. spurs wanting; eighteen rectrices. (Vol. iv.p.39.) 



(e) Genus Caccabis. Nostrils covered with a leathery operculum ; a small area of bare 



skin round the eye ; legs scutellated, the planta armed with conspicuous pro- 

 tuberances ; fourteen rectrices. (Vol. iv. p. 42.) 



(/) Genus Coturnix. Nostrils covered with a leathery operculum ; face entirely 

 feathered ; legs scutellated, spurs wanting ; twelve rectrices, hidden by the 

 tail-coverts. (Vol. iv. p. 44.) 



1 The genus Tetrao must also be made to include the genus Lyrurus. 



