252 HIRUNDINID^E. 



Martin, but it remains a little later, as I am informed by 

 Richard Dann, Esq., who has passed several seasons in 

 Norway and Lapland, and who tells me also that there is 

 no want of food for them, as the morasses in the sheltered 

 valleys swarm with insects. 



Pennant says the Swallow visits the southern parts of 

 Siberia ; and a Russian naturalist has included it among 

 the summer birds of the countries between the Black and 

 the Caspian Seas ; it is also found at Erzeroum from April 

 till September. Swallows leaving Italy, which they all do 

 in autumn, go off in the direction for Egypt, and have been 

 seen in Egypt going still farther south. Bruce saw the 

 Swallow in Abyssinia in winter. In Napier's Reminis- 

 cences of Syria, it is stated that Swallows were seen near 

 Esdroelon on the march to Naplouse in December arid 

 January ; our Swallow is included by B. H. Hodgson, 

 Esq. in his Catalogue of the Birds of Nepal, and Mr. 

 Blyth has obtained it in the neighbourhood of Calcutta. 

 Those from the western parts of Europe go to Western 

 Africa. Sir William Jardine includes it among the birds 

 of Madeira. Adanson in 1783, and Afzelius in 1793, saw 

 the Swallow on the river Senegal and at Sierra Leone in 

 that period of the year when it is absent from Europe. 

 Mr. Tudsbury, of Chesterfield, who resided at Sierra 

 Leone and Rio Nunez from 1821 to 1828, says the Swal- 

 low, the Martin, and the Swift, are seen all the year in the 

 neighbourhood of these two places ; but that they are less 

 numerous in the rainy season from June to September. 

 Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. v. p. 449. To this I may add, that 

 Mr. George Don told me he saw the Swallow, the Martin, 

 and the Swift, at the island of St. Thomas, on the equa- 

 tor, in the months of January and February, in 1822. 



In the adult male the beak is black, the ridge elevated, 

 the gape wide ; irides hazel ; forehead chestnut ; head, 



