WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE. 165 



also, he is convinced, go entirely to the southward of the 

 United States' boundary. 



East of our own country the White-fronted Goose visits 

 Holland, Germany, and France, and is included by M. 

 Savi among the Birds of Italy. M. Mene tries, the Russian 

 naturalist, mentions that in autumn this species makes its 

 appearance in considerable flocks near the Caspian Sea, 

 particularly at Bakou, and the lakes in that vicinity, where 

 they pass the winter. Towards the end of February they 

 commence their emigration. It is found in China; and 

 M. Temminck says this species is found in Japan. 



The bill is of a reddish flesh colour, the nail white ; at 

 the base of the upper mandible, and on the forehead, the 

 feathers are white ; the irides very dark brown ; head, neck, 

 back, rump, and wings, brownish ash colour ; wing-coverts 

 grey, edged with white; tertials margined with dull 

 white; wing-primaries and secondaries bluish black; upper 

 tail-coverts white ; tail-feathers dark grey, tipped with 

 white ; breast and belly pale brownish white, both sexes 

 with patches and broad bars of black; sides and flanks 

 ash brown, edged with dull white ; vent and under tail- 

 coverts white ; legs, toes, and membranes orange ; claws 

 whitish horn colour. 



The whole length of an adult male is twenty-seven inches. 

 From the carpal joint to the end of the wing, seventeen 

 inches ; the second quill-feather the longest in the wing. 



The plumage of young birds of the year is more uniform 

 in colour and rather dark, the feathers at the base of the 

 upper mandible are of a darker brown than those of the 

 other parts of the head ; the nail and point of the beak 

 light brown. The pale brown feathers on the breast are 

 uniform in colour without any dark patches or bars. 



