LONG-TAILED DUCK. 363 



and white ; scapulars and tertials white at the base, black 

 in the centre, and reddish -brown on the margin ; secon- 

 daries distinguished from the coverts and primaries by their 

 lighter reddish-brown colour. 



Females have the forehead, crown, and back of the 

 neck, dark brown ; the lore, or space between the base 

 of the bill and the eye, the ear-coverts, and sides of the 

 neck greyish-white ; below the ear-coverts, on both sides, 

 a patch of brown ; all the back and wings dark brown ; 

 primaries and tail-feathers almost black ; neck, in front, 

 light brown, clouded with darker brown ; breast, belly, 

 and under tail-coverts white ; thighs and flanks pale ash 

 brown. 



Females measure about sixteen inches in length, and 

 do not assume the white scapulars or the elongated tail- 

 feathers. 



Young birds for the first twelve months resemble the 

 females. Young males in their first winter may be distin- 

 guished from young females by being a little larger in size, 

 and in having the brown and the white parts about the 

 head and neck rather more pure in colour, and their limits 

 better defined. 



I am indebted to Richard Dann, Esq. for the use 

 of a beautiful series of examples of this species, from 

 which the various descriptions here given were derived. 

 They were the specimens referred to as shot at various 

 periods throughout the year in different parts of Scan- 

 dinavia. 



The trachea of the male is about seven inches in length, 

 and very singular in its structure. At the bottom of the 

 tube four window-like apertures, as well as the kidney- 

 shaped tympanum, are closed by a delicate membrane. 

 The vignette exhibits this curious structure in two points 

 of view. The windpipe of the female is of the common 



