SYLVIADJl. 



singing after ten o'clock at night, and at three on the fol- 

 lowing morning. 



The Redstart was considered by Pennant and some other 

 authors not to extend its range to the westward beyond 

 Exeter ; but though rather rare in the eastern part of Corn- 

 wall, it is not an uncommon bird in the extreme western 

 part, as I learnt from the communications of Mr. Couch 

 and Mr. Rodd. This bird also visits Wales now, and has 

 been obtained in Ireland, near Belfast, by Dr. J. D. Mar- 

 shall, as I learnt from W. Thompson, Esq. 



In a northern direction from London, it is found in Suf- 

 folk, Norfolk, Yorkshire, Northumberland, and various 

 parts of Scotland, even to Sutherlandshire. Still further 

 north, it visits Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Siberia, Russia, 

 and from thence southward it is distributed over the more 

 temperate parts of Europe. It is abundant in Holland, 

 France, Provence, Spain, and Italy. The Zoological 

 Society have received skins from Tangiers, where it is 

 said to be common. It is found during summer in Sicily 

 and Malta, going from thence to Egypt. Specimens have 

 been received from Trebizond, and also from Erzeroum, 

 about one hundred miles further to the south-east of Trebi- 

 zond. It has been found in Nepal, and M. Temminck 

 includes it among the birds of Japan. 



In the adult male Redstart during summer the beak is 

 black, with a narrow band of black feathers above its base ; 

 the irides brown ; the forehead white ; the top of the head, 

 the scapulars, back, and wing-coverts, lead-grey; wing- 

 feathers brown, with the outer edges rather lighter ; upper 

 tail-coverts and tail-feathers bright rufous chestnut, the 

 centres only of the two middle tail-feathers being marked 

 with a longitudinal strip of dark brown ; the chin, throat, 

 sides of the neck and face, including the eyes, jet black ; 



