544 FRINGILLID^l. 



and Mr. Thomas Eyton. In Lancaster it has been ob- 

 served about Chat Moss. On the eastern side of England, 

 this bird appears to be a winter visitor at Southchurch in 

 Essex, according to the observations of Mr. Parsons. It 

 is found in Surrey, Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, 

 Rutland, Lincolnshire, about Wainfleet, in Yorkshire at 

 various localities; in Durham, and also in Northumber- 

 land ; but I am unable to trace it much farther north than 

 Newcastle, and it does not appear to have been noticed in 

 Scotland. 



Professor Nilsson includes the Tree Sparrow in his work 

 on the Birds of Sweden, and also in his Fauna of Scandi- 

 navia, where he says it frequents gardens ; and some 

 authors have stated that this bird was found as far to the 

 west of the European continent as Hudson's Bay and 

 North America ; but this appears to have been a mistake, 

 and refers to another species. The geographical range of 

 the Tree Sparrow is to the northward and the eastward ; 

 it inhabits Lapland and Siberia : specimens have been re- 

 ceived by Mr. Gould from the Himalaya mountain range 

 and from China; it has been found in Nepal and at 

 Calcutta, and M. Temminck includes it also in his Birds 

 of Japan. In the southern part of Europe it is well 

 known, being rather a common bird in France, Provence, 

 Spain and Italy, Sicily, Malta, and Africa. 



In summer the beak of the male is of a bluish lead 

 colour ; the irides hazel ; the head and neck chestnut, 

 bounded with white on each side of the neck ; the back 

 and wings reddish brown, streaked with pure black ; both 

 sets of wing-coverts black, edged with chestnut and tipped 

 with white ; primaries black, margined with brown ; ter- 

 tials broadly edged with chestnut brown ; rump and upper 

 tail-coverts uniform pale brown ; tail-feathers greyish 

 brown, with lighter brown edges ; chin and throat black : 



