PINE GROSBEAK. 613 



but tinged with red ; all the quill -feathers with narrow 

 outer edging of white, tinged with red on the proximal 

 half of the first six of the primaries ; tail-feathers uniform 

 greyish black ; the tail in form slightly forked. The chin, 

 throat, breast, and sides, vermilion red ; but the feathers, 

 if raised, are found to be like those on the upper surface of 

 the bird, grey at the base ; the belly, vent, and under tail- 

 coverts, French grey, the latter edged with white ; under 

 surface of wings and tail slate grey ; legs and toes blackish 

 brown ; the claws black. 



The whole length of the bird is eight inches. From the 

 carpal joint to the end of the wing, four inches and a half: 

 the third quill -feather of the wing the longest ; the second 

 very little shorter than the third ; the first feather a little 

 shorter than the fourth, and both shorter than the second ; 

 the fifth a quarter of an inch shorter than the fourth. 



This bird is considered to be a young male after his first 

 autumnal moult, and this plumage is retained till the 

 second year, when, according to authors, all the red parts 

 become more or less tinged with yellowish orange. 



The adult female killed at Harrow has the beak orange 

 brown ; the irides hazel ; the head, ear-coverts, and back of 

 the neck, honey -yellow ; back and scapulars slate grey ; 

 rump and upper tail-coverts honey-yellow, like the colour 

 of the head ; both sets of wing-coverts, and all the quill- 

 feathers, greyish black, edged and tipped with white, with- 

 out any of the red tinge observed on the white of young 

 males ; tail above, uniform greyish black ; all the under 

 surface of this bird, from the chin to the under tail-coverts, 

 uniform ash-grey ; legs, toes, and claws, dark brown. 



Females, when older than this bird, have the head, rump, 

 and upper tail-coverts, orange yellow. When younger than 

 our bird, the same parts are greenish brown. 



