RESPIRATION xvii 



causes death by CO poisoning, 315. — Causes and prevention of colliery ex- 

 plosions, 316. — Composition of pure afterdamp and practical test for CO, 316. 

 — Self-contained breathing apparatus for miners, 318. — White damp and spon- 

 taneous heating of coal, 319. — Smoke from fires and blasting: nitrous fumes, 

 319. — Treatment of CO poisoning, 320. — Wet-bulb temperature in mines, 321. 

 — Effects of dust inhalation in mines, 322. — Varying effects of different kinds of 

 dust. Miner's phthisis, 322. — Physiology of dust excretion from the lungs, 323. 

 — Air of wells. Barometric pressure and dangers of well sinkers, 325. — Oxida- 

 tion processes in underground strata, 326. — Air of railway tunnels, 326. — Air 

 of sewers. Accidental impurities and their dangers, z^T- — Air of ships, 329. — 

 Lung-irritant gas poisoning in warfare, and treatment, 329. 



CHAPTER XII. Effects of High Atmospheric 



Pressures. 334 



Paul Bert's work on the physiological action of barometric pressure, 334. — 

 The diver's equipment and the method of using it, 335. — The diving bell and the 

 caisson, 336, — Tunneling in compressed air, 337. — Effects of air pressure on the 

 ears and voice, 338. — Effects due to pressure of CO2 in diving, and their 

 avoidance, 339. — Compressed air illness or "caisson disease," 340. — Investiga- 

 tions of Paul Bert and others, 341. — Medical recompression chambers, 343. — 

 Theory of stage decompression and experiments on the subject, 345. — Tables for 

 guidance of divers, 350. — Treatment of compressed-air illness, 351. — Diving 

 operations at a great depth off Honolulu, 351 . — Management of air locks in 

 tunnels, 353. — Paul Bert's experiments on effects of increased oxygen pres- 

 sure, 355. — Effects of oxygen in producing pneumonia, 356. 



CHAPTER XIII. Effects of Low Atmospheric 



Pressures. 358 



Occurrence of low atmospheric pressures at high altitudes, "Mountain sickness," 

 358. — Summary of Paul Bert's fundamental experiments on the pressure effects 

 of gases, 358. — His experiment on man in a steel chamber, 360. — Reason why 

 a given lowering of alveolar oxygen pressure has less physiological effect at a 

 low atmospheric pressure than at ordinary atmospheric pressure, 362. — Effect 

 of CO2 pressure in diminishing the anoxaemia of a low atmospheric pressure, 

 362. — Mosso's "acapnia" theory, 363. — Acclimatization to low atmospheric 

 pressures, 364. — Effects of high altitudes in increasing the haemoglobin per- 

 centage of the blood, 364. — Effect of increased atmospheric pressure in dimin- 

 ishing the haemoglobin percentage, 365. — Beneficial effect of increased haemo- 

 globin in anoxaemia, 365. — Increased breathing in acclimatized persons, 366. 

 — Physiological effect of a mere increase of breathing, 367. — The acclimatiza- 

 tion change is a compensation of alkalosis, 369. — Alveolar CO2 pressure in 

 persons acclimatized at various altitudes, 370. — Conclusions from the Duke of 

 Abruzzi's Himalayan Expedition, 372. — Active secretion of oxygen in the lungs 

 after acclimatization, zTZ- — Relation of physical training to power of oxygen 

 secretion, 373. — History of high ascents in balloons, 375. — High ascent by 

 Glaisher and Coxwell in 1862, 375. — Fatal ascent of the Zenith in 1875, 376. 

 — High ascent with use of oxygen in 1901, 378. — Experiments of von Schrotter, 

 379-— -Recent high American aeroplane ascent, 379. — Limits of height attainable 

 with use of ordinary oxygen apparatus, 379. — Apparatus required for indefinitely 

 great heights, 380. 



