442 



The Review of Reviews. 



them and their men on the subject of discipline and 

 management, but in other respects a more general 

 adoption of the methods of negotiation between the 

 companies and the Unions is declared to be helpful. 

 The scheme, which is necessnrily a compromise, 

 only indirectly admits of Trade Union representation. 

 The men are free to appoint, as their Secretary and 

 advocate, at all meetings of the Conciliation Board, 

 any suitable person, whether an employee of the 

 Company or not. So the Companies are certain to 

 find themselves face to face with a Trade Union ofticinl. 

 The report has called forth many expressions of dis- 

 content from the men. Mr. Arthur Henderson claims 

 that at Keighley he entirely satisfied the railwaymen 

 of the justice of the award. The fact that possibly 

 a hundred thousand pounds more will in consequence 

 be paid in wages by such a railway company as the 

 Great Western may have a further effect in allaying 

 discontent. Uut the industrial barometer by no 

 means stands at " Set Fair." Nevertheless a reassur- 

 ing note was boldly struck by the Bishop of London 

 in his sermon before the Church Congress at Stoke- 

 upon-Trent. He did not hesitate to declare, that 

 " in this country the labour movement was definitely 

 and avowedly religious," and he contrasted somewhat 

 scathingly the absorption of the Church in ciuestions 

 of ritual while the working classes were manfully 

 working out their own salvation. He went on to say 

 that in view of the nee'ds of labour " the whole tone 

 and texture of the Church must be altered." 



In spite of all the talk there 

 Lord Roberts j^ about increasinir lawlessness, 

 Social Reform. Covernment returns show a 

 gratifying , decrease in crime. 

 Pauperism also is rapidly diminishing. Old Age 

 Pensions are doing their work. Another step that 

 has been begun is the registration of vagrants, with 

 a view, let us hope, to their ultimate abiorption or 

 extirpation. The conscience of the community, 

 happily, is not satisfied with the social reforms that 

 have already been initiated. Here is Lord Roberts, 

 who was horn in 1832, writing to the piapers to 

 demand " a constructive policy of social reform 

 and national defence," This denii-god of popular 

 patriotism does not hesitate to say " the conditions 

 amid which millions of our people are living 



appear to me to make it nattlral that they should 

 not care a straw under what rule they may be 

 called 'upon to dwell, and I can quite understand 

 their want of patriotic feeling." It is thought 

 an awful thing for a working man to say, " I don't 

 care whether the flag that floats from Victoria 

 Tower is the British red, white and blue, or the 

 (German red, white and black. What difference 

 does the bunting make to me? Perhaps I might even 

 be better off under German municipal care than 

 under l!iiti.-,h rule." Now Lord Roberts admits 

 that this sentiment, although mislaken, is perfecdy 

 natural. He also says, " Social, reform is a pre- 

 liminary to any thorough system ofnational defence." 

 We all know how Lord Roberts has spent his 

 powers without stint in demanding what he con- 

 siders the specific for national defence: yet even 

 he, soldier as he is, postpones the claims of national 

 defence to those of social reform. 



A new batch of cardinals is shortly 

 The New to be created. While there are 



British Cardinal, gj^ Italians and four Frenchmen, 

 there are only three English- 

 speakers designate for the biretta. The British 

 Empire, which covers one-fourth of the globe, has 

 for many years had no representative in the Sacred 

 College of what claims to be the Church Universal. 

 Now, however, it will have one representative — Dr. 

 Bourne, Archbishop of Westminster — and a worthy 

 representative he will be. His episcopal life began 

 amidst the dense poverty and misery of London's 

 central borough, in the Bishopric of Southwark. 

 Dr. Bourne combines with the most unswerving 

 loyalty to his own communion the most charming 

 courtesy towards all people calling themselves Chris- 

 tians. There is an old shepherd's saying that the best 

 way to cure a shee))-dog of worrying sheep is to 

 shut him up for one night with a well-seasoned old 

 ewe, and he will never worry a sheep again. It 

 would be a pleasanter discipline if some of our 

 frantic No-Popery men were compelled to spend a 

 few hours in the genial company of the new Cardinal. 

 They would find it very hard to indulge in the bailing 

 of Pajjists again. There are to be two new American 

 Cardinals, but Archliishop Ireland is still held to 

 be too liberal and brave a man to be deemed "safe" 

 enough to wear the scarlet cap 



