45^ 



The Rkvikvv of Reviews. 



Turkey answers, Yes. Italy answers, No. 

 Which is right ? 



II. — Have the Hague Conventions any value or 

 are the Powers bound to act upon their recommen- 

 dations ? 



Turkey answers, Yes. Italy answers, Xo. 

 Which is right ? 



III. — Has the Italian Government any legitimate 

 grievance against the Ottoman Government in the 

 administration of Tripoli which the latter refused to 

 remedy ? 



Turkey answers, No. Italy answers, Yes. 

 Which is right ? 



IV. — Has any Power, even if she has grievances, 

 any right on that ground to declare war at twenty-four 

 hours' notice, without affording any opportunity of 

 removing these grievances, and then to seize territory 

 in defiance of treaty rights ? 



Italy answers, Yes. Turkey answers. No. 

 Which is right ? 



These are roughly the four questions in dispute. 

 The two first and the fourth concern all the peoples 

 of Europe as well as the Ottomans. The third is a 

 question of fact which could be easily cleared up by 

 an International Commission d'Enquete. Why 

 should not all these questions be settled by a High 

 Court of the Nations ? 



It is true that no such High Court is actually in 

 existence. At the last Hague Conference a vigorous 

 effort was made to set up such a Court, but the 

 attempt fell through owing to the impossibility of 

 reconciling the claims of the small Powers and the 

 Great Powers as to the appointment of Judges. 

 Nevertheless the Hague Court offers at least a formal 

 opportunity for the Ottomans to declare their readi- 

 ness to settle the whole dispute by an appeal to a 

 Judicial Tribunal. 



It is only a form, but it is useful because it puts 

 Turkey in the right before the nations. If the 

 dispute were really to be sent for judicial settlement, 

 a very different Court of Nations would have to be 

 created to that contemplated by the Hague Con- 

 vention. 



HOW TO APPEAL TO PEOPLES OF 

 EUROPE. 



The following telegram sent to the Daily Ne7iis, 

 October 27th, summarises the explanation given at 

 length in the Constantinople Broadsheet :— 



"C0NST.\NriN0I'LE, Octokr 27///, 191 1. 



" I have succeeded beyond my utmost hopes. A 

 fortnight ago arbitration was never mentioned ; to- 

 day it is universally demanded. The Grand Vizier, 

 speaking for the Sultan and the Cabinet, gives his 

 public endorsement to the arbitration campaign that 

 is now about to be undertaken throutdiout Europe. 

 The Turks arc not satisfied with merely appealing to 

 the Hague Tribunal, which is rendered [lowerless by 

 Italy's refusal to arbitrate ; they demand the creation 

 of a permanent High Court with obligatory arbitra- 



tion. They offer to submit the whole dis|>ute to 

 such a High Court, and this week the most infiuentiul 

 deputation ever dispatched abroad by Turkey will 

 begin its i)ilgriiiiage of propaganda and appeal for 

 obligatory arbitration through Europe. 



"The initiative has been left to the Turkish Inter- 

 Parliamentary group because the Government is 

 hampered by the negotiations for mediation, but the 

 Government warmly support the action that has been 

 taken. The deputation, selected by the Parliamentary 

 Group, consists of si.x Senators and Deputies, represent- 

 ing the Turks, Arabs, Syrians, Armenians, Greeks, and 

 Jews of the Empire. |The number has now been 

 raised to nine, and a Bulgarian has been added | 

 Its president is Prince Ferid Pasha, the Sultan's 

 brother-in-law. The deputation contains members 

 of all the parties. Boustani Effendi, Deputy 

 for Beyrout, Talaat Bey (former Minister of the 

 Interior), or Djahid Bey (editor of the Taiiln), Mav- 

 rocordato Effendi (former Minister of Agriculture), 

 and Nouradoughian Effendi (formerly Minister of 

 Public Works), and the other members will probably 

 start on Saturday for Bucharest, where they will add 

 to their number a Roumanian Deputy. Thence they 

 proceed to Budapesth, and there will add Hungarian, 

 Bulgarian, and Servian Deputies ; thence to Vienna, 

 Berlin, St. Petersburg, Stockholm, Christiania, Copen- 

 hagen, The Hague, lirussels, Berne, Paris, and 

 London. The deputation will then number twenty, 

 representing fifteen .States in all, and making a 

 demonstration all along the route in favour of 

 obligatory arbitration. 



" The scheme has already been assured of the 

 approval of Baron Marschall von Bieberstein, and 

 has been promised by the Ambassadors a warm 

 welcome in Germany, Russia, and England. The 

 journey will last over thirty days. The effect will be 

 cumulative ; everywhere an appeal will be made to 

 the peoples. 



"Their commission would be one of protest, of 

 discovery, and of appeal. 'They go to protest not 

 against It.ily as Italy, but against the cynical violation 

 of 'Treaties. They go to discover how far the nations 

 of Europe have deserted their ancient faith in the 

 sanctity of the pledged word, and whether there still 

 lingers in any quarter the aspiration to supersede 

 war by International Arbitration. If they should find 

 in the various Intei-Parliamentary Groups, in the 

 Parliaments and in the people at large any regard for 

 'Treaties and any failh in Arbitration, then they will 

 appeal to their friends to co-opeiate with tiiem in 

 bringing the utmost pressure to bear upon their 

 Governments to compel Italy to submit her claitns to 

 the judgment of an impartial Court. If it should be 

 objected that, on the facts as they stand, the proper 

 place for the Italian Government is in the dock in 

 which justice places those caught red-handed in the 

 commissiotr of crime, the Ottoman Delegation will 

 gladly assist in constituting such a High Court in 

 which the Italian Government could be tried for its 



