454 



The Review of Reviews. 



If Italy is allowed to carry out her designs un- 

 tiiecked by the moral sense of mankind, the policy of 

 the brigand will be established upon the ruins of the 

 ])iiblic law of Euro])e and the weaker nations will be 

 aliandoned, to be devoured by their stronger neigh- 

 bours. 



To save humanity from so dire a disaster, we 

 appeal to you to join us in crying, in the hearing of 

 llie whole world : 

 To THE Hague ! To the Hague ! To the Hague '. 



Although war is still being waged against us,- and 

 although the questions at issue involve our honour, 

 our vital interests, our inde])endence and our integ- 

 rity, the Turkish Government unreservedly submit 

 the whole question to arbitration. 



We ask you to insist that the Italian Government 

 whose only interest is that of the burglar in the reten- 

 tion of his booty, should not be allowed to evade 

 justice by refusing arbitration. 



It is the first time in history that all the races and 

 religions in the Ottoman Empire have appealed for 

 sympathy and help to the peoples of the world. 



But we make this appeal with confidence tiiat we 

 shall not appeal in vain. 



Wrongs as great may have been perpetrated in the 

 ])ast,l)ut never before has there been an International 

 Tribunal to whom the injured and oppressed could 

 appeal for Justice. 



Hence the supreme importance of the present 

 moment. We have submitted our case to arbitration. 

 Conscious in the justice of our cause, we accept in 

 advance whatever award may be given. 



If Italy, conscious of her guilt, fears to appeal to 

 the Arbitral Tribunal, then in the name of Justice 

 and of Rights, we appeal to you to denounce the 

 Italian Government as the enemy of the human race, 

 and to treat it as e.\communicate of humanity until it 

 repents and submits to the verdict of the Hague. 

 .Signed on behalf of the whole Ottoman Nation, 

 {Here folhnu signatures. ) 



THE BOYCOTT, THE WEAPON OF THE 

 PACIFIST. 

 The pacifist has neither gun nor bayonet, but he 

 has, iieveitheless, a weajjon which if he chooses to use 

 it is more efficacious than high explosives. War in 

 the old style with weapons and fleets and armies 

 is daily becoming more and more imi)ossible. 

 The immense magnitude of modern armies is now 

 the greatest security for the general peace. When 

 there were small standing armies always ready for 

 war a country thought nothing of engagiHg in war 

 u|5on the most trivial pretext. Nowadays, with 

 universal military service, to send a nation to war is 

 to jjluck that nation up by the roots. The cost of 

 mobilising the Germany Army was estimated by 

 Bebel at ;^2, 000,000 per day. The present little 

 war is said to be costing Italy ^^2, 000,000 a week. 

 The cost of ajjixaling to the Court of Mars, 

 who h'as hitherto been the final judge l)etwecn 



nations, is becoming prohibitive. Only among 

 nations of comparatively low order and who have 

 not yet evolved a high state of civilisation will 

 war remain possible. Another reason why war on 

 land and sea will become impossible is that warfare 

 will soon be transferred to the air, and the aeroplane 

 and airship will make armies, fleets, frontiers and 

 fortresses obsolete. But although mankind may no 

 longer be able to use armies 01 navies it will be 

 absolutely necessary to find some means for coercing 

 the evil-doer and reducing to obedience a state 

 which outrages the comity of nations. Some method 

 of coercion will have to be devised unless states are 

 to relapse into a condition of lawless anarchy. It is 

 here where the weapon of the pacifist supplies the 

 important need of advancing civilisation. That 

 weapon is the Boycott. 



The modern pacifist can lay no claim to be the 

 first discoverer of this potent weapon. The sugges- 

 tion that it should be used as a settlement of disputes 

 between man and man was first made by the first of 

 all pacifists, to wit, Jesus Christ, who is worshipped 

 by Christians as their Lord and Saviour. It is 

 remarkable that Jesus Christ, whether he be God 

 or man, legendary myth or Jewish carpenter, 

 has seldom or never given directions as to the 

 application of the principles which he laid down 

 to the affairs of actual life. He confined him- 

 self to enunciating sublime truths or to laying 

 down general principles. Only on one occasion, and 

 the exception is very significant, did he give practical 

 directions as to how his disciples should apply those 

 principles in the facts of life. The one exception was 

 that in which he recommended the Boycott as the 

 last means of settling disputes. This will jjrobably 

 startle most Christians. For the truih of my state- 

 ment if you will turn to the eighteenth chapter of 

 the Gospel of St. Matthew you will find the three 

 following verses. There are only three verses, but 

 they contain clear directions as to the settlement of 

 disputes between man and man, which can ecjually 

 be applied for the settlement of disputes between 

 nations. 



" If thy brother shall trespass against thee, go 

 and tell him his fault between thee and him alone : 

 if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy 

 brother." 

 If this principle be ajiplied to national disputes 

 this command must be taken as directing that in the 

 first place when disputes arise nations should com- 

 municate with each other by the direct method of 

 diplomacy, which is, of course, always followed. 



" IJut if he will not hear thee, then take with 

 thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two 

 or three witnesses every word may he estab- 

 lished." 

 Here we have the command that if direct diplomatic 

 methods fail, recourse must be had to the mediation 

 of friendly powers. The w isdom of this course has 

 been recognised and unanimously confirmed by both 



