WINE.] NATURAL HISTORY. 345 



RED Wine that is full red as blood is most strong, and 

 maketh strong drunkenness, and needeth therefore to be right 

 well watered. And such Wine turneth soon to blood because 

 of likeness that it hath with blood in liquor, savour and 

 colour. Also Wine turneth the soul out of cruelness into 

 mildness, out of covetise into largeness, out of pride into 

 meekness, and out of dread into boldness. The drunklew 

 [drunken] man's face is pale, his cheeks hang, his eyes be 

 full of whelks and pimples and of blearedness. The drunk- 

 lew man's hands tremble and shake, and his tongue is 

 bounden and knit, and his stomach bolketh and giveth up 

 in the morrow-tide some foul and abhominable stinking 

 thing, as it were a pit, wherein some dead carrion lieth, and 

 feeleth and is grieved with sore pricking and aching in his 

 head. And the palate or roof of the mouth waxeth bitter 

 by choler, that is heat ; by hot fumosity of kind, the throat 

 is tormented with dryness, burning and thirst ; and Wine- 

 drunken men fare as the worms that suck blood, for ever 

 the more the Wine-drunken man drinketh, the more he is 

 athirst. And if Wine be oft taken, anon the body abideth 

 as it were a ship in the sea without stern [rudder] and 

 without lodesman, and as chivalry without prince or duke. 

 Therefore the drunken man favoureth the thing that should 

 not be favoured, and granteth that should not be granted, 

 and praiseth that should not be praised, and maketh of wise 

 men fools, and of good men and well-willed, drunkenness 

 maketh evil men and wicked. 



Bartholomew (Bertkekt]^ bk. xvii. 185. 



WINE made is made by craft of good spicery and herbs, 

 and such Wines be wholesome and liking, when wholesome 

 spicery and herbs be incorporate therein in due manner ; 

 for virtue of spicery keepeth and saveth wines that they be 

 not soon corrupt. ibid., 187. 



THE juice of grapes is called in English Wine. For cer- 

 tain other juices, as of apples, pomegranates, pears, medlars, 

 or services, or such as otherwise made (for example's sake) 

 of barley and grain, be not at all simply called Wines, but 

 with the name of the thing added whereof they do consist 

 the Wine which is pressed forth of the pomegranate 

 berries is Wine of pomegranates, out of pears, perry, and 



