

346 SHAKESPEARE'S [WOLF 



that which is compounded of barJey is called barley-wine 

 in English, ale or beer. Wine is a remedy against taking 

 of hemlock >or green coriander, the juice of black poppy, 

 wolf's-bane and leopard's-bane, toad-stools, and other cold 

 poisons, and also against the biting of serpents, and stings 

 of venomous beasts, that hurt and kill by cooling. 



Gerard's "Herbal/' s.v. "Vine." 



[Among the Wines mentioned by Elizabethan dramatists 

 are : Sack, Claret, Charneco, Canary, Palermo, Sherry, Greek, 

 Spanish, Orleans, French, Vino de Monte, Cyprus, Candy, 

 Graves, Saragossa, Pedro Ximenes (Peter-see-me), Bordeaux, 

 De Clare, Corsican, Malmsey, Hypocras (a compound of Wine 

 and herbs), Lentica, Muscadine, Whippincrust, Rhenish, Lesbian, 

 Drum-wine, White Muscadel, Merry-go-round (slang for wine?), 

 Alicant, Aristippus, Cherally, Madeira, Malaga, Nipitato, 

 Verdea, Fontiniac, Gascon, Nectarella, Deal, Back-rag, Medea, 

 Tunis, and Bastard (white and brown), etc. 



Wine was mixed with sugar (g.v.), amber (Beaumont and 

 Fletchers "Custom of the Country," Ben Jonson's "Magnetic 

 Lady"), with rose-water and sugar, to correct hardness ("London 

 Prodigal "), eggs, carduus (as a cure for obesity, Beaumont and 

 Fletcher's " Philaster "), and borage ("Trial of Treasure"). It 

 was also mulled or burnt. From a pint to a gallon was the 

 allowance for a man. 



"The Widow's Treasure" gives a test for the purity of Wine, 

 viz., that ripe mulberries or a pear clean pared swim in pure 

 Wine, and sink in watered Wine.] 



THE vintners sold no other sacks, Muscadels, Malmsies, 

 Bastards, Alicants, nor any other Wines but white and 

 claret, till the 3jrd year of King Henry VIII. (1543). All 

 those sweet Wines were sold till that time at the apothe- 

 caries' for no other use but for medicines. 



John Taylor, "The Old, Old, Very Old Man," 

 (Life of Thomas Parr). 



Wolf. 



THE Wolf hath virtue in his feet, as the lion hath, and 

 so what he treadeth with his feet liveth. not. Churls speak 

 of him and say, that a man loseth his voice if the Wolf 

 seeth him first ; and certainly, if he know that he is seen 

 first, he loseth his boldness, hardiness and fierceness. The 

 Wolf may not dure with hunger long time, and devoureth 

 much after long fasting. In Ethiopia be Wolves with hair 



