222 PARMACELLA. 



P. OLIVIERI, Cuvier. PL 54, figs. 77-80. 



Rugose, body anterior to the shield, with three longitudinal 

 riblets. Color unknown. Length, 2 inches. 



Plains of the Euphrates, Mesopotamia. 



It is P. Mesopotamia, Oken, and Testacella ambiguus, Fer. 



P. ALEXANDRINA, Ehrenberg. PL 54, figs. 79, 80. 



Reddish brown, carinate on the back. Shell stronger and 

 wider than in P. Olivieri, entirely olive-green, including the 

 nucleus. Length, 2 inches. 



Alexandria, Egypt. 



The original specimen, collected fifty years ago, and preserved 

 in alcohol in the Berlin Museum, is the only one known. The 

 animal has not been figured. 



P. DESHAYESI, Moquin-Tandon. PL 54, figs. 81, 82 ; PL 55, figs. 

 83-85. 



Reddish yellow, lighter on the sides, foot yellowish white, or 

 somewhat bluish white ; back and acute tail carinated ; sides 

 with longitudinal sulci; head and neck rugose, tentacles granular ; 

 shield rugose, elongate, rounded at either end. 



Shell con vex, solid, concentrically striate, rugose below, covered 

 by a very thin epidermis, the nucleus yellowish. 



Length, 4-5 inches. 



Algiers, Morocco. 



This is P. Algerica, Desh., of Jay's Catalogue. Bourguignat 

 has published its anatomy (Rev. et Mag. ZooL, 1861). It was 

 supposed to have been found at Malaga, but P. Valenciennesii 

 was mistaken for it. 



Fig. 82 represents a young animal with the shell partly exposed. 



P. DORSALIS, Mousson. PL 55, figs. 86, 87. 



Distinguished from the preceding species by the form of the 

 shell. 



Animal not described. 



Valleys of Atlas Mts., Morocco. 



P. YALENCIENNESII, Webb and Van Beneden. PL 55, figs. 88-92. 

 Reddish brown or nearly brick-color above, shaded with yel- 

 lowish gray on the back, and bluish ash on the neck, the sides 

 sillonated, back strongly carinated ; shield with blackish spots ; 



