72 VASUM. 



interior of shell brown or pink; columellar plaits three in 

 number. Length, 2'5-3 inches. 



Zanzibar; Carthagena, N. O.; BaMa, Brazil. 



V. Cassidiforme, Yal. (fig. 14), is merely a more perfect 

 growth of this species, the revolving sculpture being squamous. 

 The expansion of the posterior part of the aperture, that of the 

 columellar callus, the more distant nodes on the shoulder of the 

 body-whorl serve to distinguish this from the preceding species. 



Y. CBRAMICUM, Linn. PL 20, fig. 10 ; PI. 21, figs. 15, 18. 



Yellowish white and black, variegated, stained and irregularly 

 banded ; outer lip usually black-bordered within. 



Length, 3*5-6 inches. 



Philippines, Polynesia. 



V. armatum, Brod. (fig. 10), is the juvenile of this species, and 

 V. vexillulum, Reeve (fig. 15), is a still younger state. 



Y. IMPERIALS, Reeve. PL 21, fig. 23. 



Whitish, scorched with brown, tubercles blackish ; interior 

 white, columella stained with rich purple-brown. 



Length, 3*5 inches. 



Philippines, on the reefs. Cuming. 



The upper spines are more luxuriantly foliaceous than in 

 F. ceramicum, and the spire shorter; in form, this shell appears 

 to connect the latter with V. cornigerum. Turbinella tubigera. 

 Anton, an un figured species, may be the same. 



Y. TURBINELLUM, Linn. PI. 21, figs. 16, 20-22. 



Yellowish white and chestnut-black, stained and obscurely 

 banded ; aperture yellowish white, border of lip black-spotted. 



Length, 2'5-3'5 inches. 



Red Sea, Moluccas, Philippines, Mauritius, Central Polynesia. 



A rather smaller, but proportionately heavier, shell than 

 F. ceramic um, with a much shorter spire. 



Messrs. Adams and Reeve* state that the animal crawls with 

 difficulty, appearing to labor under the weight of its heavy shell 

 as the tortoise does with its carapace. Turbinella variolaria, 

 Lam. (fig. 16), is a very young individual of this species, as 

 demonstrated by a series of specimens before me. 



* Yoy. Samarang, 48. 



