MONOGRAPH OF THE FAMILY 

 Prepared expressly for the " Manual of Conckology," 



BY S. RAYMOND ROBERTS, 



Member of the Concliological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences 

 of Philadelphia. 



FAMILY 



(Cowries.) 



Animal having tentacles usually long and stout, the eyes 

 situated on a thickened portion about one-third the distance 

 from the base ; mantle produced into two lobes capable of 

 covering the shell, and furnished with warts, or forked or 

 pointed filaments, sometimes papillose as in Trivia. 



Head obtuse, cylindrical; siphon broad, short, sometimes 

 fringed at the edge or bordered with papilla) similar to those 

 on the mantle ; foot large, simple, oblong-ovate, in ample folds, 

 more or less acuminated at the extremities, sometimes truncate 

 in front ; in Trivia it extends posteriorly far beyond the shell 

 and terminates obtusely. 



Color of mantle extremely variable ; foot, head and siphon 

 usually pale orange. 



Individuals' bisexual ; male organ very large. 



Lingual riband rather long, with seven series of teeth, 

 arranged .'H*3, each row being composed of one broad quadrate 

 uncinated rachidian tooth flanked on each side by three hooked 

 laterals (PI. 15, fig. 8; PI. 20, lig. 41). Jaw corneous (PI. 20, 

 fig. 64). 



No operculum. 



Shell ovate, varying from cylindrical to pyriform, sometimes 

 ribbed or pustulate, but mostly smooth and possessing a high 

 11 (153) 



