PREFACE vii 



cerning the Frog's lung-worm — Ascaris nigrovenosa — 

 remain in my memory, and later, in 1872, I was 

 especially struck by his important demonstration of 

 the true mode of development of the gastrula of the 

 calcareous sponges in correction of Professor Ernst 

 Haeckel. Many other papers of his became known 

 to me, until in 1881 he published his first observa- 

 tions on Intracellular Digestion in Lower Animals^ 

 which was the starting-point of his life's work on 

 " Phagocytosis," to which all his subsequent re- 

 searches — during thirty-five years — were exclusively 

 dedicated. 



In 1888 I was introduced by my friend Lauder 

 Brunton to the great Pasteur, and called on him at 

 his laboratory in the rue d'Ulm. There I met 

 MetchnikofE, only lately arrived from Russia, and 

 welcomed as one of his stafE by Pasteur. The next 

 year, 1889, Pasteur was installed in the new " Institut 

 Pasteur " in the rue Dutot, and I met MetchnikofE 

 there in his new quarters. Pasteur's assistants were 

 carrying on daily his system of inoculation against 

 rabies, and many British subjects were amongst those 

 treated. I persuaded the Lord Mayor of that year, 

 Sir James Whitehead, to visit the Pasteur Institute 

 with a view to taking steps to make some recognition 

 of the services rendered by Pasteur to our fellow- 

 countrymen in treating over two hundred of them 

 threatened with hydrophobia. Sir James called a 

 meeting on July 1, 1889, at the Mansion House, and 

 placed the management of it in my hands. As a 

 result we obtained subscriptions to a fund which 



