3o LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 
Antenna short, in both sexes bipectinate. with apex merely serrate, the pectinations rather long in c, 
rather short in Q. Pectus hairy. Hindtibia in cg not dilated, in both sexes with all spurs. Abdomen 
robust, crested. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing with costa somewhat arched, apex moderately 
acute, termen rounded, oblique, very faintly waved, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC? somewhat 
incurved, then oblique, SC! anastomosing or connected with C, SC? normal, usually anastomosing 
with SC!, R! separate, R? from above middle of DC, M! separate; hindwing with apex rounded. termen 
faintly waved, tornus pronounced, inner margin long, cell somewhat less than one-half, DC? strongly 
incurved, C approximated to cell very shortly near base, then rapidly diverging, SC? separate, R* from 
near R!, M! separate. 
Early stages unknown. 
Type of the genus : Mimandria insularis, Swinhoe (1904). 
Geographical distribution of species, — Madagascar. 
1. M. insularis, Swinhoe. Madagascar. 
Mimandria insularis ( Warren,Novit. Zool. Vol. 2, p. 88, nom. nud.), Swinhoe, 
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 541 (1904). 
I2. GENUS PINGASA, MOORE 
Pingasa. Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Vol. 3, p. 419 (1887). 
Pingasia. Moore, Lep. Coll. Atkinson, p. 247 (1885). 
Skorpisthes. Lucas, Proc. Rov. Soc. Queensl. Vol. 15, p. 143 (1900). 
Characters. — Face scarcely protuberant. Palpus in cf moderate, in 9 long, second joint 
densely rough-scaled, third joint smooth, in cf moderate, in 9 long, cylindrical, rather slender. Tongue 
developed. Antenna long, in cj bipectinate to two-thirds with rather short branches, in Q almost simple. 
Pectus densely hairy. Femora hairy. Hindtibia in gf dilated with hair-pencil, in both sexes with all 
spurs. Abdomen with rather slight or moderate dorsal crests. Frenulum fully developed. Forewing 
with costa nearly straight, gently arched near apex, apex moderate or rather pronounced, termen 
oblique, scarcely convex, almost smooth or faintly subcrenu!late, cell less than one-half (usually two- 
fifths), DC? incurved, or vertical anteriorly, becoming oblique posteriorly, DC? curved, not very oblique, 
SC! from cell, rather closely approximated to C and SC?, but very generally free 1), SC? from stalk 
of SC*5, R! just separate, connate, or very shortly stalked, R? from considerably above middle of 
discocellulars, M! separate; hindwing with costa quite short, arched, apex rounded, termen rounded, 
weakly or moderately crenulate, rather long. tornus pronounced, inner margin long (in C very long), 
tufts of raised scales on upper surface at extremity of cell and from middle of inner margin to beyond R?, 
cell short (scarcely over one-third), DC? curved, strongly oblique, DC? arising distally thereto, little 
oblique, C parallel with SC for a very short distance near base, then very strongly diverging, SC? sepa- 
rate 2), R? from very near Rl, M! separate (Pi. Il, Fig. IO). c genitalia with uncus bifurcate, gnathos 
terminating in two points, harpe emarginate at the apex, juxta a long scobinated arm, penis rounded 
(ruginaria; tebhrosiaria has also been examined, and has much in common). 
Early stages imperfectly known. Larva rather stout and firm, of somewhat the aspect of Pseudo- 
ierbna, apparently without the specialization of head and prothorax characteristic of the higher 
1) We have examined a very large number of specimens, and can state that in not more than ten per cent is there even an osculation with either 
of the adjacent veins (a rather noteworthy contrast to the following genus). 
2) Shortly stalked in our figured specimen of amgurfers, Warren (P!. 1, Fig. 3); probably only as an exceptional aberration. 
