4 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 
Aglossochloris fulminaria, Lederer. Left forewing with SC* long-stalked with R!, apart from SC?'. 
Aglossochloris fulminaria, Lederer. Left forewing with SC? short-stalked with SC! instead of with SC?^; 
right hindwing with SC? and R! connected by a short bar. 
Neurotoca. nolata, Warren (the type). Both hindwings with R! throwing off a short oblique branch 
posteriorly. 
Comostola nympha, Butler. Left hindwing with R! furcate. 
Comostola maculata, Moore. Left hindwing with R? furcate. 
Comostola ovifera, Warren. Right hindwing with an oblique bar from middle of DC*? to stalk of SC*- R!, 
R! furcate, the posterior arm of the fork meeting R* (which is curved) at termen; left hindwing 
with SC? furcate, R! making a costad curve and throwing out a curved branch posteriorly, 
which nearly rejoins the main vein, suggesting an elongate loop. 
In connection with the question of venation may be mentioned that of wing-shape. Inasmuch 
as the veins at the wing-margins, whose course determines the shape, are evidently the first which must 
vary in response to certain environmental changes they are, as a rule. even less to be relied on than the 
other veins; nevertheless experience has shown that really wide differences of shape have seldom 
appeared in evidently close allies, and we have therefore recognized genera in several cases on this 
character. At the same time, the presence of a slight angulation of the termen of the hindwing at R? is 
often clearly non-significant, though it has resulted in the placing, by systematists, of a good many very 
obvious species of Prasinocyma in. T halassodes. 
We have made much use of the tibial armature, and it is very seldom indeed that is has failed 
to assist generic differentiation. The genera Uliocnemis, Culpinta, Chrysochloroma, Qzuospila, Episothalma, 
Diplodesma and Aglossochloris of the Old World, and Rodochlora, Tachychlora. and. Tachyphyle of the 
Neotropical Region alone seem inclined to give any trouble on this score — whether through individual 
or generic inconstancy, or intergradation towards allied genera. But there are also certain other genera 
— the Hemilhea group at least — in which the armature varies with the sex, and where it is conse- 
quently needful to know both sexes in order to assign the species to its right generic position. 
The cf antenna shows, as a rule, considerable stability, and there seems rarely any objection to 
using it as of generic value in this group, as Dr. Turner has done; sometimes not merely the presence 
of the pectinations, but even their approximate length has become well fixed, as for instance in the case 
of the usually very long pectinations of Comibaena, etc.,or the usually quite short ones of Nemoria (A Plodes), 
Racheosbila, etc. The Q antenna is less dependable, truly pectinate antennce and merely dentate or 
almost simple sometimes occurring side by side in quite nearly related species; but it, too, has attained 
stability in DysPAania, in most of the Oospila-group of the Neotropical Region, etc. Even the cf antenna 
cannot be used as generic in quite every case; see the following genera : ZEolochroma, Terpna, Bathy- 
colpodes, Omphax, Mixocera. 
General characters of the Subfamily. — Face almost always smooth or nearly so, rarely 
protuberant, extremely exceptionally with frontal tuft. Antenna often short, usually bipectinate in the c 
and frequently in the Q (see Fig. 8), never unipectinate; the pectinations rarely continued to the 
apex; the two series (especially when long) usually more or less strongly unequal in length. Hindtibia 
rarely aborted, but often with terminal spurs only ; c hindtibia not infrequently with elongate terminal 
process 1). Abdomen frequently crested; cf abdomen frequently with strong pencil of hairs just behind 
the basal abdominal cavity (see Fig. | 2, Oospila coerulea). Wings usually ample, never rudimentary 
1) This is apparently of variable generic value, though persistent almost throughout the large genus Coptióaena, and very general in AÁacAeo- 
sbila, etc. See Fig. 10. 
