98 LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA 
segments 1-4, subventral on 5, dorsal on 8) each bearing a specialized hooked hair (in later life modified 
into tall fleshy cone armed with hooks), some flask-shaped, hollow hairs on the thoracic segments and 
abdominals r-8 (lost in later life); by means of silken threads twined about the hooks, the larva attaches 
fragments of the foodplant, by which the body is almost entirely concealed ( Burrows & Bacot, loc. cit. 
p. 175, 204, t. 8, on fustulata ; the larvze of several other species are known, and have the same habit). 
Pura. — Brown, rugose, shagreened, dull, the dorsal area of posterior abdominal segments 
8 ! 8 
bearing numerous flattened spines, pointing backwards, spiracles large and dark, scars of the special 
larval processes present, bearing short but stout curved hairs; anal armature consisting of four large, 
strong, scythe-shaped, spirally curved hooks ( Bacot, loc. cit. p. 205). 
An evidently natural genus, nearly akin to Ulrocmemis, though more specialized in the basal 
expansion of hindwing, loss of crests, etc.; the cf is almost always further distinguishable by the 
hindtibial process, the Q almost always by non-pectinate antenna. Only in the venation is there any 
great variation, and this (as Dr. Turner very shrewdly surmised with extremely restricted material) 
cannot be utilized for generic subdivision, nor even, we find, for subgeneric. In a few species (noted 
above) SC? of forewing arises constantly byond. SC? ( Probolosceles, Warren), but in frocumbaria, and. not 
improbably in bijlaga, it arises either before or beyond. In zmducíaría SC! of forewing is constantly 
longish-stalked with the other subcostals, but in its evidently close ally a/óicatena (the type of Comostolodes, 
Warren) it is about connate, in. subiyalina from the cell. Examples could be multiplied. The examined 
genitalia (especially Pustulata and inductaria) show close relationship. 
Type of the genus : Conmibaena pustulata (Hufnagel) — PAalaena fustulata, IHufnagel — Comibaena 
bajularia, Walker (1861). 
Geographical distribution of species. — Eastern Palcearctic and. Indo-Malavan, straggeling 
into Europe, Africa and Australia, 
1. C. pustulata (Vufnagel). Central and S. Europe, Asia 
Phalaena pustulata, Hufnagel, Berl. Mag. Vol. 4, p. 520 (1767) 1). Minor. 
Phalaena Geometra bajularia [Schiffermüller], Schmett. Wien, p. 97 (1775)- 
Phalaena ditaria, Fabricius, Gen. Ins. p. 286 (1777). 
Phalaena glauca, Geoffroy, Fourcroy's Ent. Paris. p. 267 (1785). 
Geometia bajularia, Hübner, Samml, Eur, Schmett, Geom. t. 1, f. 3(1796?); 
p. 15 (1800?). 
Comibaena bajularia, Hübner, Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 254 (18267). 
Cleora bajularia, Stephens, Cat. Brit. Ins. (2), p. 123 (1829). 
Hipparchus bajularia, Curtis, Brit. Ent. Vol. 7, p. 300 (1839). 
Phorodesma bajularia, Boisduval, Gen. et Ind. Meth. Eur. Lep. p. 179(1840). 
Phorodecsma pustulata, Lederer, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, Vol. 3, p. 172 
(1853). 
Euchloris pustulata, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 95 (1892). 
Myrtea pustulata, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf. Halle, 
Vol. 64, p. 479 (1895;. 
Comibaena pustulata, Prout, Trans. City Lond. Ent. Soc, Vol. 10, p. 6411901). 
2. C. neriaria (Verrich-Scháüffer). Greece to Armenia. 
Geometra neriaria, Herrich-Scháfler, Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Eur. Vol, 3, 
t. 70. f. 429 (1848); Vol. 6, p. 62 (1852). 
Phorodesma. neriaria, Lederer, Verh. Zool.-bot Ges. Wien, Vol. 3. p. 172 
(1853). 
Comuibaena neriaria, Walker, List Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus, Vol. 22, p. 56o(1861). 
Euchloris neriaria, Meyrick, Trans. Ent. Soc. l.ond. p. 05 (1892 . 
M yrtea neriaria, Gumppenberg, Nova Acta Acad. Leop. d. Naturf, Halle, 
Vol. 64, p. 470 ! 1895). 
3. C. induciaria ( Guenée). India to N. Queensland. 
Phorodesma inductaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép. Vol. o. p. 370 (1855). 
1) This name scarcely need be considered invalidated by P/Zua/aena (.Vocéua) PuséuZata, Müller (17641. 
