FAM. GEOMETRIDZE ) 103 
p. 387) and raubrolinearia ( Hulst, Ent. Amer. Vol. 3. p. 72) have probably much in common with this, but 
are (like the imagines) transitional towards Nemoria (Aplodes). 
Pupa. — Scarcely described. That of rubrifrontaria green, profusely dark dotted and wil; black 
dorsal band, last segment hoof-shaped, with two reddish hooks (Packard, loc. cit. p. 387). 
A large genus, akin to Comibaena, but differing in the well-developed 9 frenulum. The retention 
of this side by side with an advance in the cf structure is, as we pointed out in our Introduction, 
characteristic of certain American genera, which we here place together. Section | differs further from 
Comibaena in the usually quite short antennal pectinations, and in the more variable palpus; Section II 
in the frequent brief anastomosis of vein C of the hindwing with the cell. We have made various 
attempts to divide the genus into two or more on some reliable structural characters, but have found it 
impracticable; it is even doubtful whether Nemoria (Aflodes, auctt.) as at present understood can be 
sharply differentiated from it, but as the last-named conception has had such very general currency, and 
the 9 palpus of Nemoría is so widely difterent from that which is usual in Rac/eospila, we have let it 
stand. We recognize in RacAeospila three Sections, of which the second could easily have been made a 
genus had the anastomosis of C of the hindwing with the cell not here proved inconstant. In Section I 
there is a good deal of diversity of facies, and this is i» far! correlated with recognizable differences of 
structure, so that we have thought it worth while to place the species roughly in groups. It is curious 
that the two or three species found in the United States have the Q palpus less differentiated from 
Nemoria than the vast majority, at least, of these from Central- and South America. The /ixaria-group, 
then, has the third joint of the palpus in Q moderate or longish, never very long, M! of hindwing stalked, 
dorsal ornamentation usually white, surrounded with red; the a/bociliaría-group, M! well separate 1), 
dorsal ornamentation as in the preceding; the d/arifa-group, M! about connate, dorsal ornamentation 
variable, rarely very conspicuous; the iniegra-group, M! stalked, dorsal ornamentation commonly con- 
sisting of fuscous blotches; the eria-group, nearly as preceding, but larger moths, with longer antennz, 
the wings more rounded and nearly always more or less marked with fuscous; the conspersa-group 2), 
with wings ,also tolerably rounded, heavily marked with fuscous, M! separate, 5C! of forewing free ; 
the rufibicta-group, near preceding but more slender and glossy, SC! of forewing anastomosing with € ; 
the venilineata-group. (gen. div.?), with SC? of forewing anastomosing strongly with SC!, M! of both 
wings widely separate ; the /a/ayaría.group, with dorsal ornamentation as in Section II, palpus even 
more densely rough-haired than in that, M! connate or just separate, antennal pectinations short, C of 
hindwing not anastomosing with cell. 
Type of the genus : A'acheospila lixaria, Guenée (1896). 
Geographical distribution of specles. — Neotropical; a few species Nearctic. 
SEgcTION I. — Hindwing with C never anastomosing, M! varying according to the group, 
abdomen very rarely with embossed spots, antenna in C with short or quite moderate 
pectinations, in 9 not pectinate. 
a) The lixaria-group (ARacheospila, sens. str.). 
I. R. lixaria, Guenée. Florida, ? Arizona. 
Racheospila lixaria, Guenée, Spec. Gén. Lép Vol. o, p. 374 (1858). 
i ] p. 274 
1) The general constancy of M! of the hindwing in the various groups of this genus suggests the hope that possibly some use make ultimately 
be made of it in taxonomy. Our studies of the Old- World fauna had resulted in our so largely distrusting it that it was not until a late stage of 
our revision that we realized its apparent utility; consequently we have not even noted its position in some of the species which we studied carlier, 
and one or two of our placings may need modification. 
2) We might pretty safely have called this the exerta£a.group, but are unacquainted with Moschler's species in nature. 
