52 TRAVELS IX THE EAST INDIAX ARCHIPELAGO. 



listing itself ou tliat island. The Malay name for 

 this religion is always " Islam." 



On our way back to the mail-boat we passed 

 quite a fleet of fisMng-boats, at the mouth of the 

 river. They are generally made alike at both ends, 

 and look like huge canoes. Some have high lantern- 

 shaped houses perched on the stern, as if to make 

 them more unsightly. Here they all have decks, but 

 those at Batavia are merely open boats. 



The next day we continued on oui' course to the 

 eastward, around the promontory formed by Mount 

 Japara, whose sides are so completely scored by deep 

 ravines that little or none of the origjinal surface of 

 the mountain can be seen. Dr. Junghuhn, who has 

 spent many years studying in detail the mountains of 

 Java, finds that above a height of ten thousand feet 

 but very few ra^dnes exist. This height is the common 

 cloud-level, and the rains that they pour out, of course, 

 only affect the mountain-sides below that elevation, 

 hence the flanks of a mountain are sometimes deeply 

 scored while its top remains entire. The substances 

 of which these great cones are chiefly composed are 

 mostly volcanic ashes, sand, and small fragments of 

 basalt or lava, just the kind of materials that swift 

 torrents would rapidly carry away. 



The volcanoes of Java are mostly in two lines : one, 

 commencing near Cape St. Nicholas, its northwestern 

 extremity, passes diagonally across the island to its 

 southeastern headland on the Strait of Bali. The 

 other is j)arallel to this, and extends from the middle 

 of the Strait of Sunda to the south coast in the longi- 

 tude of Cheribon. They stand along two immense 



