224 TRAVELS IN THE EAST INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO. 



elliptical. Pulo Pisang and Pulo Kapal, already 

 noticed as falling in tlie first circle, are two otliei" 

 fragments of tlie old crater wail. All tlie remain- 

 ing parts liave disappeared beneath the sea. Here, 

 then, is another immense crater, gi'eater even than 

 the famous one in the Tenger Mountains in the east- 

 ern part of Java, the bottom of which is covered 

 with shifting, naked sand, and has been appropriately 

 named by the Malays the Laut Pasar or " Sandy 

 Sea." That crater is elliptical in outline, its major 

 axis measuring four and a half tniles^ and its minor 

 axis three and a half miles, and, though of such dimen- 

 sions, its bottom is nearly a level floor of sand. Out 

 of this rise four truncated cones, each containing a 

 small crater. One of these, the " Bromo " (so named 

 from Brama, the Hindu god, whose emblem is fire), is 

 still active. In this old crater the island Banda Neu^a 

 represents the extinct cones rising in the " Sandy Sea," 

 and Gunong Api has a perfect analogue in the active 

 Bromo. The enclosed bay or road, where vessels 

 now anchor in eight or nine fathoms, is the bottom 

 of this old crater, and, like that in the Tenger Moun- 

 tains, is comj)osed of volcanic sand. The radiating 

 ridges on the outer side of Lontar represent the simi- 

 lar ridges on the sides of every volcano that is not 

 building up its cone by frequent eruptions at its 

 summit. Again, the islands crossed by the second 

 and third circles are only so many cones on the 

 flanks of this great volcano. True, those parts of 

 them now above the sea are largely composed of 

 coral rock like the west end of Lontar, but undoubt- 

 edly the pol}q3S began to build theii' high walls on 



