270 TRAVELS IN THE EAST INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO. 



marshy place, a couple of hundred yards back from 

 the sand-beach. They are separated from each other 

 by a little stream, or l^ali^ and each has its own 

 rajah, and formerly had its own little square mosque, 

 for all these eleven tribes are Mohammedans, and 

 keep separate from each other, because they lived in 

 different parts of the island when the Dutch arrived. 

 In the centre of this village is a large, square lawn, 

 formed by the fort, the residence of a controleur^ and 

 a few other houses. Back of the lawn is the Chris- 

 tian kampong ; for in every village where there are 

 Mohammedans and Christians, each has a separate 

 part to itself. Occasionally, instead of a healthful 

 spirit of rivalry, a more bitter hostility springs up 

 than existed between the Jews and the Samaritans, 

 and finally the weaker party is obliged to migrate, 

 as in the case mentioned in regard to the inhabitants 

 of Bonoa. 



From Valentyn we learn that, according to native 

 accounts, as early as a. d. 1511, ten years before the 

 arrival of the Portuguese, the Sultan of Ternate sent 

 out expeditions which subjected all the tribes of this 

 island. In 1652 a treaty was made between the 

 sultan and the Dutch, that all the clove-trees on the 

 island should be uprooted. The natives opposed this 

 measure to the best of their ability, but after a resist- 

 ance which lasted five years, they were completely 

 subjected, all their clove-trees were destroyed, and 

 they were obliged to remove to Kayeli Bay, and live 

 under the range of the Dutch cannon. Since that 

 time (1657), the clove-tree has never been introduced 

 again. Previous to the expedition of the Sultan of 



