ERUPTION OF MOUNT KEMAAS. 337 



waste. " Kernaas" Dr. Jungliuhn has supposed to be 

 Klabat, but lie never visited this region, and the coni- 

 cal summit of Klabat shows its destruction by heavy 

 eruptions has not yet begun. It is far more proba- 

 ble that Kemaas was the mountain now known as 

 Sudara, whose two peaks are only the fragments of 

 the upper part of the cone that were left standing 

 when the eruptive force blew off the other parts, or 

 so weakened their foundations, that they have long 

 since fallen, and the materials of which they were 

 composed have been brought down, and spread out by 

 the rains over the flanks of the mountain. Natives, 

 who have been to the top of Klabat, inform me that 

 there is a small lake on the northwest side. Its 

 basin is, no doubt, that part of the old crater which 

 has not yet been filled so as to make the whole ele- 

 vation a perfect cone. If this lake was of any con- 

 siderable size, then, as occurred on Mount Papanda- 

 yang, in Java, mud and hot water will certainly pour 

 down the sides of this mountain, if it is again con- 

 vulsed by the mighty forces that are now slumbering 

 beneath it. Ayar-madidi is a large Tcampong^ or 

 negri^ as the Malays sometimes call their villages. It 

 is beautifully situated on the southern flanks of 

 Mount Klabat. Its streets all cross each other at 

 right angles, and are well shaded. So far as we 

 are aware, the Malays and Javanese had no word 

 for village previous to the arrival of the Telin- 

 gas, and it has been conjectured, fi'om this fact, 

 that they were scattered everywhere over their par- 

 ticular territories exactly as we have seen is the cus- 

 tom of the aborigines of Burn, the Alfura, who have 

 22 



