58 GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF LICHENS. 



plans to enable you to secure a drink of water ; if you 

 know of a spring, that is just the thing, keep it in mind 

 and head for it at the appropriate time ; if no spring 

 exists in the locality, head for a farm-house. Never 

 drink out of small brooklets, especially in inhabited 

 localities : there is always more or less danger of be- 

 coming infected with some disease germs, or perhaps 

 some intestinal parasite. The collecting outfit may 

 be divided into three groups, as follows : 



1. Contrivances for carrying lichens. 



2. Mechanical aids in collecting. 



3. Aids to a temporary study of lichens. 



1. The most convenient contrivance for carrying 

 lichens is the botanist's collecting-can, more technically 

 known as a vascuhim. This can, however, only be 

 secured ready-made from dealers in botanical supplies. 

 Any tinsmith can make one to order, for perhaps $1.00, 

 or $1.50, provided it is explained to him how to make 

 it. The most convenient box for collecting lichens 

 should be rectangular, with corners rounded, made of 

 heavy tin. It has a door at the side or top. It should 

 have a coat of black japan on the outside to prevent 

 the annoying reflection of sunlight. The size of the 

 box can be left to the taste and needs of the individual. 

 If a botanical collecting-box is not convenient, an old 

 hand-satchel will do very well, in fact, in many re- 

 spects it is superior to the tin box. 



It is supposed that the collector intends to bring 

 home crustose rock-lichens and crustose tree-lichens 

 as well as foliose and fruticose lichens. The rock- 

 specimens should be wrapped in paper separately, to 



