84 GUIDE TO THE STUDY OP LICHENS. 



cal, dark-brown or rusty-brown. Spores brown, ellip- 

 tical, two-celled, somewhat constricted in the middle, 

 10/x X 6/x. 



5. Calicium quercinum. Thallus much as in C. 

 hyperellum, less highly developed, not greenish-yellow. 

 Stipe less slender, dark-brown. Apothecia usually 

 spherical, dark-brown. The entire structure, includ- 

 ing spores, resembling that of C. hyperellum. Spores 

 brown, two-celled, constricted in the middle, 10/x X ^yu,. 



3. Gyphelium. 



The representatives of this genus have the general 

 characters of the Calicii. The apothecia are some- 

 what flattened and the spores are simple and dark, 

 thus contrasting them with those of Coniocyhe and 

 Calicium, the exosporium is generally considerably 

 thickened. In form they are usually spherical though 

 they may be elliptical. The alg^e are as in Calicium. 

 In fact the amateur will perhaps place the speci- 

 mens with the Calicii owing to their great similarity. 

 They occur in the same localities as the other Cali- 

 ciaceae. 



1. Cyphelium turhinatum. Thallus crustose, well 

 developed. Stipe very short, projecting slightly 

 above the lobes of the thallus. Apothecium much 

 as in the foregoing, dark-brown, entirely closed at 

 first, later opening by Cep-segment. Spores small, 

 dark brown, spherical, simple, exine considerably 

 thickened, 7.5/x, X 6.5/a. 



2. Cyphelium tuhoBforme. Thallus occurs almost 

 entirely under the bark, fairly developed. Stipe 



