GENERA AND SPECIES. 143 



Bmall, colorless and cells not distinctly terminal, 

 8.5/x X V 



Jf. T/ieloschistes parietinus. Thallus always dis- 

 tinctly foliose, but varial)le in the development of the 

 lobes ; lobes usually short and rounded and somewhat 

 upturned at the margin, pale-lemon to reddish-brown. 

 Apothecia from medium to large. Disk orange. 

 Spores colorless, typical, \2^x X 7/x. 



This lichen has quite generally been classified as 

 ParmeUa parietina ; also as Physica parietina. An 

 older name, Candelaria^ was derived from the fact that 

 the lichen was used by the Swedes to give a yellow color 

 to candles used in religious ceremonies. In England it 

 has been extensively used to color Easter eggs. This 

 is the lichen which was recommended as a substitute 

 for quinine (1815). It was also highly recommended as 

 an astringent in hemorrhages and as a febrifuge. It 

 occurs in London drug-shops as " Common yellow 

 Wall-moss," being probably chiefly utilized by the 

 taxidermist. It is southern in its range. 



5. Thelosckistes chrysophthahnus. Thallus fruticose, 

 branching, lobes flat, terminating in rigid cilia ; yel- 

 lowish-orange above, grayish beneath. Apothecia 

 usually terminal, medium to large, margin usually 

 ciliate. Disk orange. Spores colorless, typical, 14/oi 

 X 7.5;a. 



This is a beautiful plant, growing in tufts upon 

 trees. 



6. Tltcloschistes Jiavicans. Thallus fruticose, much 

 branched, pendant, soralia often present, ciliate ; yel- 

 lowish-gray to reddish-brown. Apothecia medium to 



