Oenera and species. 161 



caUcaris has a wide range and usually occurs upon 

 trees (oak in particular) ; it is also said to occur upon 

 rock. The species has been made use of as a gum in 

 calico-printing, in the preparation of "parchment" 

 andpasteboard, and in the manufacture of hair-pow- 

 ders. The soralia-bearing specimens (mealy Ramalina 

 calicaris) have been highly recommended as an arti- 

 cle of diet. It has also found a use in the treatment 

 of chilblains and chapped hands. A variety obtained 

 from Teneriife yields a yellow dye. According to 

 another authority the species yields a rich red dye 

 equal to that obtained from Rocella tinctoria which 

 was used in dyeing silken and woollen goods. The 

 plant was said to have brought $5,000 per ton in 

 England. 



3. Ramalina homalea. Thallus large, rather spar- 

 ingly branched, lobes ribbon-like, thick, rigid, smooth, 

 not canaliculate ; gray to brown. Apothecia medium, 

 with a terminal tendency, sometimes distinctly cup- 

 shaped. Disk about the same color as the thallus. 

 Spores typical, somewhat curved, loya X 5/x. 



This lichen is essentially southern, and occurs upon 

 rocks. It is no doubt rich in coloring properties. 



^. Ramaliud cenichis. Thallus rather small, spar- 

 ingly branched, lobes somewhat flattened to nearly 

 cylindrical, gray ; smooth, becoming dark spotted. 

 Apothecia medium, cup-shaped. Disk about the same 

 color as thallus. Spores typical, not curved, 15/x X -^f^' 



5. Ramalina polymorpha. Thallus long, much 

 branched ; lobes narrow, flattened, bearing large 

 soralia. Apothecia rare. Spores, 14/x X ^Z^*- 



