PLATE lY. 

 Apothecial axd Thalline Types. 



Apothecial types : 



1. Fungal type of apothecium as it occurs in the (^ali- 



ciaeese.. 



2. Fungal type of apotheciuni as it occurs in tlie Cla- 



doniaceae and some Lecideaceae. 

 8. Fungal type of apotheciuni as it occurs in the major- 

 ity of Lecideaceae. 



4. Thalline type of apotheciuni as it occurs in the Phys- 



ciaceae and Parmeliacea?. 



5. Immersed type of apotheciura as it occurs in Endo- 



carpoti and other genera. 

 Thalline types : 



6. Crustose thallus. 



7. Crustose thallus with upper cortical layer. 



8. Foliose thallus without upper cortical la^'^er. 

 i>. Foliose thallus with both cortical layers. 



10. Fruticose thallus as in Stereocauhn. 



11. Fruticose thallus as in Cladonia. 



12. Fruticose thallus as in Usnea. 



All the figures are diagramatic ; 1 to 9 inclusive represent ver- 

 tical sections; 10, 11 and 12, longitudinal sections. 



