COEN, A^TIEAT, OATS, BAKLEY, RYE 



69 



means a corresponding reduction in price. Up until recently 

 every market had its owti grades and it was difficult for the 

 producer to become acquainted ^^ith them. This condition is 

 now partly eliminated by official grades, made and ado]oted by 

 the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of 

 Markets. The official grades and requirements for Soft Red 

 Winter AMieat are as follows: 



The same requirements hold true for conmion Avhite, white 

 club, and hard red wheats. Slight variations occur in the grade 

 and requirements of hard red spring durum. 



Uses of wheat. — A\Tieat is used chiefly in the manufacture of 

 flour for human consumption, either as bread or macaroni, spa- 

 ghetti, etc. The by-products from the manufacture of flour, 

 including bran, shorts and middlings, which amount to twenty- 

 six per cent of the whole, are used for animal food. Special uses 

 of wheat are (1) stock food, particularly poultry; (2) hay, espe- 

 cially on the Pacific Coast; and (3) breakfast foods, such as 

 puffed wheat. The straw is used for bedding animals, as 

 roughage in winter, and for the making of paper. 



OATS 



The oat crop stands next to wheat or fifth in importance in 

 the United States, but as a world crop, wheat is first and oats 

 fourth. This relationship, together with the rank of other crops, 

 is shown in the following table taken from the United States 

 Department of Agriculture Year Books : 



