BUSH FRCITS AND STRAWBERRIES ir,9 



and covered with soil or some litter. This should be done after 

 the canes become dormant. Uncover early in the spring. 



Raspberry. — There are three types of raspberries — the red, 

 having upright canes and producing red berries; the black, 

 arched canes having black berries ; and the purple, arched canes, 

 producing purj^le berries. 



Location. — A cool climate is most desirable, and good air, 

 drainage, and a sufficient supply of moisture are very necessary. 

 Better on a hillside than on level land. 



Soil. — A deep, sandy loam with considerable humus incor- 

 porated is considered the best, but some of the varieties do Avell 

 on a clay loam. Soil should l)e plowed deeply and the surface 

 soil well harrowed. Wherever a root crop may be grown the 

 year before planting the canes, it is recommended. The Aveeds 

 are destroyed and the land is in a better state of fertility. 



Planting. — In the east the plants are set in the spring, and 

 should be planted so as to receive the benefits of the early rains. 

 The red varieties, if planted in the fall under favorable condi- 

 tions, will be well established by late spring. If planted in the 

 hill system and staked, set the plants five feet apart each way, 

 1,742 plants per acre. If the hedge system is used, rows should 

 be six feet apart, with plants three feet apart in the rows, 2,420 

 plants per acre. Black raspberries grown under the linear sys- 

 tem (no suckers allowed to grow), the rows are eight feet apart, 

 with the plants four feet apart in the rows, and 1,361 plants per 

 acre. For the red varieties, plant three inches deeper than nur- 

 sery planting. For the black and purple varieties, plant two 

 inches deeper. On planting, cut the canes back to five to six 

 inches. Pack the soil firmly about the roots. 



Fertilizers. — The soil should be in a high state of fertility 

 before planting. Annual application of -five to ten tons of stable 

 manure per acre, depending on the fertility of the soil, will be 

 sufficient. Cover crops, plowed under in the spring, are most 

 desirable. Do not plant the seed among the canes, especially of 

 crops that live over winter. 



Cultivation. — A thorough tillage is necessary to keep down all 

 grass and weeds. A dust mulch should be formed in order to 

 conserve moisture. Cultivate the surface soil during the harvest 

 period if the season is dry. Avoid late tillage. 



Pruning and training. — The manner of growth has much to do 

 Avith the method of training, and, like the blackberry, the canes 

 should never be allowed to run wild. As soon as berries ripen 

 the canes die. Cut out all dead wood. The red raspberry sends 



