IXSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES 191 



mant, or against insects off of plants, for instance the killing of 

 grasshoppers by hopperdozers, or household insects, etc. 



Kerosene emulsion. — This is probably the best form into 

 which kerosene can be jiut for spraying growing plants. A stock 

 emulsion is made as follows : 



Hard laundry soap shaved fine, % pound. 

 Water, 1 gallon. 

 Kerosene, 2 gallons. 



Dissolve the soap in boiling water, remove from the stove, and 

 immediately add the kerosene ; churn with a bucket pump until a 

 soft, butter-like, clabbered mass is obtained. One part of this 

 stock solution is added to ten or twelve of water for spraying. 

 If the stock solution is properly made, this can be used on tender 

 foliage of plants for such insects as plant-lice, etc. (Soft water 

 must be used.) 



Lime sulphur. — "Within the last few years this wash has 

 become very prominent. It is one of the best scale insecticides 

 yet discovered, and will kill the eggs of plant lice. As an insecti- 

 cide it has an accumulative action, being more active a few weeks 

 after spraying than at the start. Since coming into prominence 

 as a scale insecticide, it has been found that in its several forms 

 it is also an excellent fungicide, and will, in many cases, replace 

 Bordeaux mixture. There are several formulae for making this 

 Avash, three of which are appended. 



The Boiled ^Mixture (nome-made) : 



Best stone lime, 15 pounds (not over 5% impurities) . 

 Flowers of sulphur, 15 pounds. 

 Wafer, 50 gallons. 



Slake the lime in a small quantity of hot water, add the sulphur 

 gradually and stir thoroughly. Dilute the mixture to fifteen 

 gallons Avith water, and boil in an iron kettle, or cook by steam 

 in a barrel for forty-five minutes. Fill the vessel with water to 

 the required fifty gallons ; strain the wash through a fine-mesh 

 strainer, and apply hot. 



This wash should be applied in the fall after the leaves have 

 dropped, or in the spring before the buds open. Spray thor- 

 oughly, covering all parts of the tree. 



Formula (Conccnirated) : 

 80 pounds sulphur. 



40 pounds best stone lime (95% calcium oxide). 

 50 gallons water. 



The cost of making this material will depend on the amount 

 that can be made at one time, and the cost of material and labor. 



