312 THE HANDBOOK FOR PRACTICAL FARMERS 



Losing cud means that the animal is sick ; give treatment as 

 for off feed. If animal is no better call a veterinarian. 



Scours or diarrhoea; constipation. — See Horse. 



Choking" is generally by apple or potato lodged in food pipe. 

 Locate object if possible and work it up into the throat where it 

 can be removed by the hand. If this fails it may be carried down 

 by a piece of garden hose, using gentle pressure. Do not use a 

 stiff, straight instrument. A small amount of oil will sometimes 

 start the obstruction. 



Garget comes on frequently in cows that are highly fed, espe- 

 cially on concentrated food. Reduce heavj^ feeds, as gluten. 

 Milk frequently. Open bowels by one pound of Epsom salts, 

 repeated if necessary. Also give one teaspoonful of saltpetre 

 three times daily for one week. One-half ounce F. E. poke root 

 three times daily is excellent. 



Inflammation of the udder is a condition in which the udder 

 is swollen, hot and painful. Bathe frequently with hot water 

 followed b}^ an application of melted lard or skunk oil. Also 

 give two pounds of Epsom salts and milk frequently. 



Chapped and sore teats. — Caused by dirt and cold moisture. 

 Apply compound tincture benzoin once or twice daily. Carbolic 

 salve is good. 



Blackleg is caused by a germ or bacteria. Most cases affected 

 die. Usually begins Avith a lameness in leg, the part swelling and 

 crackling as hand is rubbed over skin. Animal has high fever. 

 Dead animals should be deeply buried, covered with quick lime, 

 or burned. Vaccinating with blackleg vaccine is a preventive. 



Milk fever. — A disease which occurs near calving time, or 

 shortly after. Cows in good condition and large milkers are most 

 susceptible. At first the cow is uneasy, then loses control of the 

 hind parts and finally goes down unable to get up, lying on left 

 side with head on right flank, groaning as if in paint. Treatment : 

 Wash and disinfect udder and teats, then inflate udder Avith 

 sterilized air. As a preventive keep udder distended with milk 

 for a day or two. 



Mammitis. — Inflammation of the udder from infection, injury, 

 or too concentrated food. Clean out bowels with two pounds 

 Epsom salts and one ounce ginger. Follow by daily doses of one 

 ounce saltpeter. Also give one ounce F. E. poke root in a pint 

 water morning and evening. Bathe udder with hot Avater and 

 apply an oil or ointment (lard is very good). 



To stop bleeding after dehorning. — Tie a cord tightly about 

 the base of the horns. 



