AKRANGEMENT OF FARM BUILDINGS 405 



roofs should be collected in spouting and carried off from the 

 building and from the barnyard. The barnyard itself should be 

 level and slightly hollowed out in order to jDrevent the waste of 

 the soluble part of the manure. In seme cases with barns of this 

 type, one sees the barnyard sloping down to and including a 

 running stream, which furnishes an easy means of watering the 

 stock, but also a disastrous source of loss of fertility. Especially 

 should care be taken that no water from higher ground runs into 

 or over the barnyard. Sunlight is the greatest of all natural 

 disinfectants. Not only should the buildings be so arranged as 

 to receive the greatest quantity of direct sunlight, but the yard 

 adjoining should be flooded daily with sunshine. The noonday 

 sun is the most beneficial, but, where location will not permit 

 that, provision should be made to admit into all stock buildings 

 the full morning sunshine. Domestic animals are early risers 

 and they greatly appreciate the rays of the morning sun, espe- 

 cially in wintry weather. 



Even in the hilly or rolling sections, many men are coming 

 more and more to appreciate the disadvantages of the bank barn 

 for cows, and are building light, airy, and well-ventilated cow 

 barns with provisions for tw^o rows of cows and ample windows 

 to admit sunlight and air. 



If such a barn be placed with its long axis running east and 

 west, very little sunlight will reach the stalls of the north row. 

 If the long axis runs from north to south, the sunlight mil 

 stream in through the east windows in the morning, while the 

 west row of stalls will get the benefit of the afternoon sun. 



In hog houses with a double row of pens, the accepted plan is 

 to have the long axis run east and west with a "broken roof* 

 to the south Avith two rows of windows, the upper row in the 

 ''break" and the lower in the south wall. These windows are so 

 placed that the noon sun of mnter will reach the back and the 

 front pens through the upper and lower windows, respectively. 



An abundance of pure water, easy of access, is indispensable 

 for the well-being of the farmer's family and of his livestock. 

 In hilly countries this may often be piped to the house and barn 

 by gravity from a spring on the side of a hill, or be forced up by 

 a hydraulic ram from one at lower altitude, and such an eco- 

 nomical source of supplying this essential may well influence 

 one in the location of his buildings. 



In other situations, ■\\and or gasoline furnish convenient lifting 

 power. AMiere the spring is not too far from the other buildings, 

 a stone or cement spring house furnishes cheap and effective 



