Handbook of Trees of the Noktiikrn vState.s and Canada. 



39 



This valuable and majestic tree occasionally 

 attains the height of 150 ft. with a trunk 8 or 

 10 ft. in diameter. W lien young it dcvclo])^ 

 a symmetrical pyramidal top with upturned 

 branches and drooping branehlets, but the old 

 forest monarchs are more like inverted pyra 

 mids in shape, with wide and Hat or slightly 

 rounded tops narowing down to long naked 

 trunks. Its trunk is very wide and strongly 

 buttressed at base, especially when growing in 

 water or wet localities, and there it also send-^ 

 up from its roots steeple-shaped projections 

 known as " knees," the functions of which 

 seem to be mechanical — to anchor the tree 

 more firmly in the loose soil in which it grows. 

 In the southern part of its range it occupies 

 vast tracts of swampy lands, either forming 

 nearly exclusive forests or in company with the 

 Tupelos, Sweet Gum, \Yater Locust, Red Bay. 

 etc. To the northward it is less abundant and 

 is found in company with various swamp- 

 loving trees. 



Its wood, of which a cubic foot when abso- 

 lutely dry weighs 28.31 lbs., is one of the great 

 resources of the southern states being highly 

 valued for railway ties, posts, shingles, lumber 

 for general construction purposes, etc. Its 

 great durability, innnunity from the attacks of 

 parasites and non-liability to great shrinking 

 or warping make it one of our most valuable 

 woods for all wood-work exposed to the 

 weather, for tank construction, cooperage, etc. 

 Its value for the latter use is enhanced by its 

 comparative freedom from coloring or flavor- 

 ing ingredients. 1 



T.rai-rs Vo--% in. Ions. thin, apiculatcd. rather 

 light yellow groon, di'cidiious and form ins a fhit 

 spray of whicli the hranchh'ts arc also dccidiious ; 

 shorter ^calo-lilvc leaves on tlowerins brandies. 

 Floircis: staminate in paniclos 4-.") in. long : fiower- 

 bnds nearly % in. long, purple at maturity. Cones 

 suhglobose. about 1 in. in diameter, usually few 

 together at the end of the branch. - 



1. A. W., V, 119. 



2. For genus see p. 421. 



