IIaxdbook of Tk'kks ov tiik XoiMiiKKx S'l'ATKs Axi) Caxada. 419 



d Ohlong ; scales H-12, oblong, each bearing li equally U-winged seeds. 



Thuya, 

 d" Subglobose, with peltate scales each bearing 2 seeds and maturinj; \\< unc srason. 



ChaiuaRcyparis. 



C^ Berry, foi-nicd by the co^ilcsceiicc of the fleshy scah's of the lluwri.. Juniperus. 



THE PINES. (;i:xLs PL\US L. 



The I'iiics arc trees and a few shrubs of the northern hemisphere and chiefly of temperate 

 i-egions. Many of its representatives are of greatest economic Naluo. About eighty species 

 are recognized of wliicii thirty-four are natives of the Tnited Stales, ten being represented 

 in the northeastern states. 



LcdfcK evergreen, needle-shaped, from slender buds, in clusters of 2-5 together (solitary 

 in one species), from the axils of scale-like primary leaves each cluster invested at its base 

 with a sheath of thin, membranous scales. Flowcr.s appearing in spring, mon(Ecious. Sterile 

 floHcrs in catkins, clustered at the base of the shoots of the season : stamens numerous with 

 very short filaments and a scale-like connective; anther-cells. 2. opening lengthwise: pollen 

 grains triple. Fcriilc floircr.s in conical or cylindrical spikes — cones — -consisting of 

 imbricated, carpellary scales, each in the axil of a ijersistent bract and bearing at its base 

 within a pair of inverted ovules. Fruit maturing in the autumn of the second year, a cone 

 formed of the imbricated carpellary scales, which are woody, often thickened or awned at the 

 apex, persistent, when ripe dry and spreading to liberate the two nut-like and usually winged 

 seeds: cotyledons 'A-1'2 linear. 



The name is a Latin word from Celtic i)in or pen, a crag. 



KEY TO THE GENERA. 

 Leaves in clusters of 



a Five : cones with thin unarmed scales P. Strobus. 



a' Three ; cones with scales thickened at apex and armed with a prickle ; cones 

 b Subterminal and deciduous above the basal scales 



c Four to six inches long, heavy; buds brown P. ponderosa scopulorum. 



c- Six to ten inches long, not heavy ; buds white P. palustris. 



V Lateral and symmetrical ; cones 



c Long-ovoid with stout prickles; leaves G-9 in. long.. P. Tseda. 

 c'- Ovoid with slender prickles ; leaves 



Three to five inches long P. rigida. 



Six to eight inches long P. serotina. 



a* Two ; cones 



b Subterminal ; scales thickened and unarmed P. resinosa. 



'- b- Lateral ; st'ales 



c Unarmed, or with very weak or deciduous prickles: cones small, incurved. 



P. divaricata. 

 C" Armed with 



d Slender prickles: leaves 



e Three to four in. long P. echinata. 



o- One to two in. long P. Virginiana. 



d- Very thick stout spines P. pungeus. 



For xjicrics sec /jp. 2-19 and the foUoiriiin: 



Lon(,-i,i:af I'ixk. /'. jxilKslris Mill. An important timber tree of the southern states and 

 has been reported as occurring vei-y si)aringly as far north as southeastern Virginia. Leaves 

 8-lS in. long, dark green, densidy tufted at the ends of the branchlets. arranged in 3 s. with 

 persistent sheaths. Flaircrs: staminate rose-purple; pistillate close to the apex of the shoot. 

 Fruit: cones cylindric-ovoid, (J-IO in. long, somewhat curved, subsessile. with scales thickened 

 near apex by a transverse ridge and bearing a short recurved prickle: cones deciduous within 

 the base, a few basal .scales being left attached to tlie stem: seeds al)out Va in. long with long 

 wing very obliipie at apex. 



Pond Fine. /'. serotina Michx. A tree of the southern states required to be mentioned 

 here only from the fact that its northernmost representatives are said to have been found in 

 southeastern ^'irginia, where, however, it is very scarce. Learex in 'A s. 0-8 in. long, rather 

 slender, glaucous, stomatose all si(l.>s. Fruit: c(."nes lateral, subglobose to ovoid. 2-2'/, in. long, 

 subsessile. scales thickened at apex and ix-aring a mimiic prickle: seeds about %' in. long, 

 including wing -^ in. long. 



THE LARCHES OR TAMARACKS. (>i-nus LARIX. .Voaxson. 



A genus of nine si)ecies of trees uf uditliern and mountainous regions of the northern 



hemisphere producing durable and valuable lumber and other products. Thret> re|iresentatives 



are North American, two inhabiting th(> western side of the continent and one the eastern. 



Learrs awl-shaped, three-angled (or four-angled in Lari.r Lijalii). soft, deciduous, in 

 clusters of many each from lateral scaly spurs, excepting on the shoots of the season where they 



