420 " COXIFKR.E. 



appear singly, remote and in spiral arrangement. Flowers appearing with the leaves ; th« 

 staminate solitary, globose, yellow, terminating lateral scaly buds or spurs on the growths 

 of previous seasons: anthers numerous, spirally arranged, 2-celled with pointed connectives; 

 pollen grains simple, globular ; pistillate flowers pinkish green with stalked scales in the axils 

 of longer scarlet bracts and each bearing two ovules. Fruit and ovoid-obloug erect short- 

 stalked cone, maturing the first season, with thin concave scales smallest and sterile near the 

 ends ; seeds nearly triangular and shorter than their wings ; cotyledons six. 

 The name is the classical Latin name of the Larch. 



For species see pp. 20-21. 



THE SPRUCES. Gexus PICEA Link. 

 This genus consists of eighteen species of trees confined to the north temperate and 

 subarctic regions, sometimes forming extensive tracts of valuable forests. Seven species are 

 natives of North America, three in the Atlantic states, one is confined to the heart of the 

 Rocky Mountains and the others mainly to the Pacific slope. 



Leaves linear. 4-sided and stomatiferous all sides (in the eastern species) or flattened 

 and stomatiferous mostly on the upper side, scattered and pointing outward and toward the 

 end of the twig but simetimes appearing 2-ranked by a twist in those of the lower side, 

 articulated to )iioiiuiii'iit persistent liases. Floicers terminal in the axils of upper leaves, 

 staminate long-stnlkiMl, on the luniichlets of the previous year; anthers with produced rounded 

 connective and cells (ijiening lengthwise: pistillate oblong, each scale in the axis of a bract 

 and bearing two ovules at its base. Fruit ovoid or cylindrical cones, pendent mostly from 

 the uppermost branches, maturing the first year with thin unarmed persistent scales and small 

 not exserted bracts ; seed pointed-ovoid with ample membranous wing ; cotyledons four to 

 sixteen. 



Ficea is the classical Latin name of the tSprucc. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 

 a Branchlets glabrous, glaucous: cones oblong-cylindric and scales 



b Narrow, elongated and erose at apex; leaves rigid and spinescent. ... P. Parryana. 



b= Wide and entire at apex ; leaves soft and flexible P. Canadensis. 



a' Branchlets pubescent, brownish ; cones 



b Ovate-oblong, with very short slightly, if at all. incurved stalks, subentire scales and 



dark yellowish green foliage P. rubens. 



b' Ovate with incurved stalks and erose-margined scales ; leaves blue-green. 



P. Mariana. 

 For species see pp. 22-29. 



THE HEMLOCKS. Genus TSUGA Carr. 

 Tall somewhat pyramidal trees of the temperate regions of North America, Japan, China 

 and the Himilaya Mountains, with horizontal and drooping branches, slender twigs and 

 graceful flat sprays of foliage. Seven species are known of which four are inhabitants of 

 North America, two of the Atlantic and two of the Pacific states. 



Leaves linear, short-petiolate and articulated to persistent bases, flat in most species, 

 mostly appearing 2-ranked by a twist in the base of the leaf and white stomatose beneath 

 (but not 2-ranked and stomatose both above and below in one species) with a single dorsal 

 resin-duct, evergreen. Flowers in middle spring, moncpcious : the sterile subglobose clusters 

 of stamens from the axils of the leaves of the previous year ; the stipes surrounded by 

 numerous bud-scales ; anthers tipped with a short spur or knob and cells opening transversely ; 

 pistillate aments terminal on the branchlets of the previous year, erect ; bracts somewhat 

 shorter than the scales. 



Tsuga is the Japanese name of the Hemlock-tree. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



)rbicular scales expanding bi 



Cones more than 1 in. long with oblong scales widely divergent at maturity. 



T. Caroliniana. 

 For species see pp. 30-33. 



THE FIRS. Genus ABIES Link. 



Trees of generally strict pyramidal habit of growth with branches in whorls and bark 

 of trunks when young containing numerous resin-vesicles. There are twenty-four known 

 species, all natives of the northern hemisphere and chiefly of northern regions. Ten are 

 found in North America north of Mexico, eight in the Pacific coast and Rocky Mountain 

 regions and two in the Atlantic states. 



Cones less than 1 in. long, with orbicular scales expanding but little at maturity. 



T. Canadensis. 



