Haxui'.dok oi" TkisKs (tF TiiK X( )i;'r II Kif.v S'rAri:s and ('aNada. 4i^1 



hcarcK scssilt". tluisc of younir licfs and si. Tile l)ranc!i<'s usually llal I foiir-siiled in Ahic^ 

 mafiiii/icin loiiiMlcd or cinai-uinatr at apex, c'cul lally f;n>.)\f(l abovr. spirally arranged. l)ut 

 gencially ai)|)('ariiiK "J-raiikcd i)y a twist in tlieii- bases and stoniatit'i'i-oiis only below; leaves 

 of leading shoots and feitile brandies crowded, incurved and more or less (niadransrular. obtuse 

 or acute at aix'X. and sometimes sH)matiferous above, persistent for eight or ten years and 

 when fallins away leaving a circular Hat scar: resin-ducts li : branch-buds usually lesiii 

 coated. J'loircrs from the axils of the leaves of the pievious year and conlined to the ujjper 

 branches: the staminate in abundani-e on the lower side of bianchlets. oi)I()ng with stipe, 

 surrounded at base with bud scales: anther-cells 2. extrorse. opening transversely and con- 

 nective terminating in a kmib : pistillate flowers erect on upi)ei- si(h' of branchlet and usually 

 only those of the topmost branches, globose or cylindrical-oblong: scales numerous, imbricated 

 ami shorter than their nuicronate bracts. Cones erect, ovoid to cylindrical-oblong, maturing 

 the lirst year, with numerous broad thin imbricated scales, each bearing 2 .seeds and sjjringing 

 from the axil of a thin mend)ran()us bract which with the scale and seeds falls away at 

 maturity from the straight ix-rsisiiuit iixis: seed furnished with resin vesicles and a large 

 nu'mbr.'incius oblique winii al npcx ; cotvledons 4-10, shorter than i-adide. 



Ahiis is the ancient Latin name of the Fir-trcc. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



Bracts of cones shorter than tli<'ir scales and inclosed A. balsamca. 



Bracts of cones much longer than their scales and reflexed A. Fraseri. 



For Mpccica sec pp. .}.)-.J7. 



THE BALD CYPRESS. Gexus TAXODIUM Rich. 



The genus 'rti.rodiiiin ccuisists of two or three sjiecies of resinous trees of great economic 

 value and polymorfic habits of growth. One is found on the table-lands of Mexico and Indi- 

 viduals of this species are r^'uiarkable for their enormous size and age. 



Lrnrrs deciduous in our siiecies. spirally arranged and of two sorts, viz.. flat linear- 

 lanceolate and spreading so as to api)ear 2-ranked. smooth, pale, and with obscure midrib and 

 stomatose beneath : and scale-like and appressed. Floircrs appearing in early spring before 

 the leave;, unisexual f'om buds fo'-mcl the previous year: the staminate nume ous in long 

 terminal drooping panicled spikes with (i-S stamens having b"oad yellow i)eltate connctives and 

 'J-valved anthers: pistillate aments ovoid and appearing singly or few together near the ends of 

 branchlets of the previous year and (onsisiing of a few bractless scales each with a pair of 

 ovules at its base. f'oncs globose or nearly so, short-stalked, maturing the fi'st year: scales 

 thick woody, rhomboidal, valvate. and bearing each two seeds and large glands filled with liquid 

 resin: seeds irregularly triangular-pyramidal, with coriaceous or woody coat: cotyledons 4-!». 



T1h> name 'rd.rodiiDii is from (ireek words indicating the resemblance of the leaves to those 

 of the Yi'w-tiee. 



For sjiccics sec pp. .?N-.?.0. 



THE ARBOR-VIT^S. Gexus TIirVA L. 



Impoi'tant evergreen li-<'es <<[' few sjiecies with very durable wood, pyramidal head, resinous 

 juice and handsome froml-like llal L'-ranked sprays of foliage. Th(>y are confined to the 

 northern regions of North America. .Japan and eastern Asia. Two are Xorlh American, one 

 a valuable timber-tree of the I'acilic slope and the other widely distributed in the Atlantic 

 states and Canada. 



Lains snuill. decussate, closely imbricated in 4 ranks, scale-like, stomatiferous and 

 rounded or slightly keeled on the back, those (ui ultimate shoots obtuse and compressed forming 

 a flat sjiray and those on larger twigs more spreading and acute or subulate on seedlings. 

 l'ioi:(rs very small, mon.ecious. terminal, the two .sexes usually on different brancidets. st.iiui- 

 nnte subgloliose with 4-Ci opposite filaments having peltate connectives bearing e.-ich 4-() anther- 

 cells: iiistillate with S-TJ opposite scales each with 2 erect ovules. Co;/r.s small, ovoid-oblong, 

 maturing the first season, with few thin oblong leathery scales thickened at apex and only 

 the 2 or '.', middle pairs fertile: seeds usually 2 at the base of each scale, oblong, compressed 

 and usually with lateral wimrs not united at apex: cotyledons 2. 



Thuiia is the ancient (Jreek name of some coniferous tree and applied by I.iimanis to 

 this genus. 



For species see pp. 'lO-'/t. 



THE COAST CEDARS. ( Ikxus CI I.XM.iaA'l'ARI.^ Si>a(Ii. 



Tall evergreen pyi'amidal trees with resinous juici'. fr;i-r;inl valmdil.' wood, foliage in 



the hranchlets deciduous. .\ half ihizen siiecies are 

 n and Formosa, with many abnormal forms due tc 

 an species two are conlined to the Pacific and one to 

 )ast regions. 



