Handbook oi' Timiks oi' riii-; Xoimii i:i;.\ Sr. \ii-,s and Canada. 4S-j 

 WALNUT FAMILY. JL'GLAXDACE/E. 



A family of six ficiicia anil aixuit thirty-five spec ics of iiiiiiortaiit trees with aromatic 



bark and watery juice, iiiosiiy of the warmer parts of tlie north temperate zone. Two genera 



are represented in the United States. 



Leaves alternate, deciduous, odd-pinnate, with loiij; grooved petioles exstipnlati'. tlie 

 leaflets sessile or nearly so excepting the terminal one which is usually long-stalked. I'loirrrs 

 mona?cious, opening after the unfolding of the leaves : the staminate in long drooping lateral 

 aments on the growth of the previous season ; calyx '.'> to (i-lobed. each in the axil of and 

 adnate to a bract; stamens several with short distinct filaments and longitudinally dehiscent 

 anthers: pistillate in spikes or solitary terminating the new growth, hracteate and usually 

 two-bracteolate : calyx H-H-lobed ; ovary inferior and 1-celled or incompletely .■{-4-eelle(] and 

 containing a solitary erect orthotropous ovule; style short with 2 plumose stigmas. Fruit 

 a bony incompletely 2-4-celled nut inclosed in an indehiscent or 4-valved exocarp ; seed without 

 albumen, large, solitary, 2-lobed, fleshy and very oily ; cotyledons 2-lobed, corrugated or 

 sinuose ; radicle minute, superior, at apex of nut. 



KEY TO THE GEXEHA. 



Husk of fruit indehiscent: nut mostly sculptured; staminate aments simple; pith segmented. 



Juglans. 

 Husk 4-valved: nut not sculptured: staminate aments branched; pith not segmented. 



Hicoria. 



THE WALNUTS AND BUTTERNUTS. Gi-.xus JUGL.WS L. 



Trees with dark colored durable heart-wood, furroweil bai'k, stout branchlets. laminated 

 pith and edible nuts. Ten species are known, four of which are natives of the T'nited States, 

 two of the northern Atlantic states, one of the southwestern stales and one of the I'acific 

 coast region. 



Leaves with stout pubescent petioles and 11-17 subsessile, oblong-lanceolate leaflets which 

 are mostly from 2 to 4 inches long, rounded and unequal at base, finely serrate except at base, 

 acute or acuminate and clammy pubescent at least when young, rugose above : leaf-buds 

 superposed. Floirers staminate in thick drooping cylindrical aments 8-.j in. long or more; 

 calyx usually G-lobed, light yellowish green, puberulous outside ; stamens 8-40 with nearly 

 sessile dark brown anthers ; pistillate flowers in few-fiowered spikes at the ends of the 

 shoots of the season with villous laciniated involucre ; calyx 4-lobed ; petals 4, alternate 

 with the sepals and adnate to the ovary; pistil with very short style; two plumose stigmas 

 and usually 2-celled ovary. Fruit globose or ovoid with fibrous somewhat fleshy indehiscent 

 exocai'p and an ovoid or flattened globose hard thick-walled rugose or sculptured indehiscent 

 endocarp (gjjit which is 2-4-celled at base: seed deeply lobed. 



The name is of Latin derivation meaning nut of Jove. 



KEY TO THE SPECIES. 



Fruit subglobose, papillose (not viscid) ; leaflets 15-28 J, nigra. 



Fruit pointed-ovoid, viscid-pubescent; leaflets 11-17, viscid-pubescent J. cinerea. 



For species see pp. J/S-oL 



THE HICKORIES. Genus HICORIA Raf. 



The Hickories are confined to tlie temperate regions of eastern North .America ranging 



from the valley of the St. LawriMice Kiver to the highlands of Mexico. Ther»> are ai)out 



a dozen species, all being found within the United States excepting one. Their wood is very 



strong, flexible and more valuable than any other woods for certain uses. They have smooth 



gray bark when young, but with age Ix'come fissured into hard plates and scales. The branches 



are tough and fiexiiile and tlie pith solid. 



Leaves with tliick and linn ovate to oiiovale l.-atlels. increasinir in size from below up- 

 wards, often glandular-doiicMl. usually unei|ual al base, and acuniiuaie at ajiex. serrati'. \eins 

 commonly forking near the margins. Floir(rs: staminate aments slendei-. <lrooi)ing and 

 usually in threes with common jiedunch' from the axils of leaf-scars at the base of the shoots 

 of tli(> season or in clusters from buds in the axils of leaf-scars near the sunnnit of the 

 growth of the i)revious seas(ui. the lateral branches from the axils of jiersistent bracts; 

 calyx 2-.'i lobed. adnate to the brads: stanuuis ;'.-1() with ovate-oblong hairy anthers: pistillate 

 flowers sessile, in mostly 2-lO-flowered termimil sjtikes : calyx uneipi.-iHy 4-lobed: stigmas 

 .short-papillose. Fruit subglobose. oblong, ovoid or pyriform. with husk (ejiicariii woudy at 

 maturity and seiiarating more or less com]detely into 4 valves, the sutures alternale with 



