Handbook of Treks of the Xortiierx States and Canada. 431 



With broad rounded sinuses; inner bark reddish Q. coccinea. 



Witli narrow sinuses Q. borealis. 



e' ScaU's larger, loosely imbricated antl free at marj;iu of cup: ii'a\cs iili()\aie with 



narrower sinuses ; inner bark yellowish Q. vellutina. 



c' Loaves whitish tomentose beneath and mostly with 



d Short broad lobes ; leaves mostly obovate Q. nana. 



d^ Elongated and more or less falcate lobes : leaves 



Rounded or obtuse at base, obovate to oblong with 3-5 mostly Imm;' or niauKular 



lobes Q. digitata. 



Cuneate, ovate or oblong with 5-11 mostly falcate lobes. ... Q. pagodaefolia. 

 b' Leaves .'i-.'t-lobed near the apex or entire, obovate or spatulate 



Wide-obovate, cuneate, rusty pubescent beneath Q. Marilandica. 



Spatulate-obovate, glabrous Q. nigra. 



V Leaves usually entire and lanceolate to oblong, involute in the bud and 



Linear-oblong, acute at both ends, glabrous Q. Phellos. 



Dblanceolate to oblong, shining dark green above, paler and glabrous bfin'atii. 



Q. laiirifolia. 



Oblong-lanceolate to oblong or ovate, pubescent beneath Q. inibricaria. 



a' Acorns maturing in the autumn of the first year; shells glabrous inside: aixirtivc ovules 

 basal; stamens li-S ; styles short ( H7m7c Oaks). 

 b Leaves pinnately lobed or lyrate-pinatifid with lobes rounded at apex (not bristle-tipped) 

 deciduous 

 c Glabrous beneath, obliquely 3-9-lobed and eonduplicate in the bud : cuji shallow. 



Q. alba. 

 c' Pubescent beneath and stellate pubescent above, usually J5-lobed, convolute in the Itud. 



Q. minor. 

 c' White toiuentose beneath 



Lyrate-pinnatifid ; cup fringed with free ends of scales Q. macrocarpa. 



Deeply 5-'.)-lobed ; cup not fringed and nearly inclosing the nut Q. lyrata. 

 b' Leaves coarsely crenate-toothed 



c Fruit with peduncles much longer than petioles Q. platanoides. 



o Fruit with peduncles shorter than or about equal to the petiole ; leaves whitish 

 tomentose beneath 



Bark scaly whitish Q. Michanxii. 



Bark firmly ridged, grayish brown Q. Priniis. 



b' Leaves coarsely repand-serrate, lanceolate to obovate; 



Tall trees Q. acuminata. 



Shrubs or very small trees Q. prinoides. 



b* Leaves mostly entire, thick and evergreen Q. Virginiana. 



For spccir/i .tec pp. 13S-1S1 and thr foUovinri: 



Bear Oak, Barren Oak or Scrub Oak, Q. nana Sarg. (Syn. Q. ilicifolia Wang., Q. 

 pinnild Sudw.l. This is an intricately branched shrub ranging from Maine to ^'irginia. 

 chieHy coastwise, occupying sandy barrens and hillsides and sometimes forming vast and 

 almost impenetrable thickets. Mr. Wm. T. Davis has found it on the Pine Barrens of New 

 Jersey assuming the habit of a small wide-topped tree 18 or 20 ft. in height with trunk 5 or 6 

 in. in diameter. It is characterized as follows: Lcarctt mostly obovate, 2-ii in. long with 

 3-T (usually .5) short spreading bristle-tipped lobes, cuneate, more or less pubescent at first, 

 at maturity thick firm lustrous dark green above, whitish pubescent beneath ; petioles short. 

 Floucrs staminate aments hairy, often iiersisting late into the summer ; pistillate flowers with 

 red recurved stigmas. Fruit borne in great abundance, mostly solitary or in pairs, sessile or 

 nearly so; acorns globose-ovoid, about Vo i"- l<"iS and half invested by the usually turbinate 

 cup of small closely imbricated scales. 



ScRfB Chestnut Oak. Q. prinoides Willd. A slirubby oak distributed from Maine to 

 North Carolina and westward into Nebraska. Kansas and Texas, occupying rocky slopes and 

 dry sniulv uidnnds and is usunllv only a stolaniferons shrub from 2-."> fret in height. West 

 of the Mississipi)i River it soni(>times assumes a tree-like habit of growth but only attaining a 

 height of 10 or 1.") ft. with trunk 4 or ."> in. in diameter. In botanical characters it closely 

 resembles Q. acuminata, but with smaller and more rcniotely lobed h>aves and shorter petioles, 

 and acorns with deeper cu])s and more turgid scab s. 



(iR.\Y O.VK, Q. horcalix Michx. f. (also Q. amhi<iua Michx. f . ) . A large tree, occasionally 

 found from Ontario and (,)ueb'c to the mountains of North Carolina, bearing leaves like 

 (). rubra and fruit like (J. cocrini-a. It is considered by some a distinct species and by others, 

 and jirobably more correctly, only an aberrant form of Q. rubra. 



Many natural hybrids are found amonc the Oaks, some of which h.nvc beiMi named and 

 described by earlv botanists ns d;«tii<ct siiecies. Then- raritv and local (list rlbut ion, however, 

 and occurrence only in localities where certain other Oaks whose characters they more or less 

 share in common occur seem conclusive evidence of hybridization. The following cases have 

 been noted : 



Q. Rudkini Britton = Q. MarUnndica X Q. Phellos. 



Q. lirilloni W. T. Davis = (^. Marilandiea X Q. nana. 



(J. hrterophiiUa Michx. = (.). I'heUus X Q. rubra. 



Q. Leana Null. = Q. inibricaria X O. rehitina. 



Q. tridcntata Kngelm. = (). imbriraria X Q. ^farilandica. 



Other hybrids have been foun I wiiich have not been named. 



