Handbook of Tkkks ok tiiio Xoimii i;i;.\ Siatks a.nd ('a.nada. 4;j3 



of the iippor leaves; calyx deeply H-T-lobed, (leciduous : stiinieiis incurved in the hud and in 

 the staminate flowers erect and exserted, those of the perfect flowers remaining short, 

 ovary sessile, ovoid and crowned by two diverging retiexed styles, stigniatic on tiie inner faces; 

 ovule anatropous. I'ruit a sub-globose drupe, with tirm skin, thiu sweetish flesh and l)ony 

 or rugose pit; seed with curved embryo and scanty albumen. 



KHY TO THE SPECIES. 



Leaves sharply and coarsely serrate C. occidentalis. 



Leaves entire or nearly so C. Mississippiensis. 



For .spci-iis ,vcc pp. 1U2-1V'). 



MULBERRY FAMILY. MORACE/E. 



Trees, shrubs and hcrlis of oNcr nine hundred species, generally with milky juice and 



natives of temperate and tropical regions. They are grouped in lifty-four genera of which 



four are represented in North American trees, three being indigenous and the fourth a 



naturalized species. 



Leaves conduplicate or invohite in the hud. petiolate. alternate, deciduous, with caducous 

 stijiules inclosing the leaf in the bud. Floircrs montecious or di(ecious. small, in ament-like 

 spikes or heads, from the axils of caducous bud-scales or of the lower leaves of the shoots 

 of the season; calyx ;^-.")-lobed or i)arted ; corolla none; stamens 1 to 4. inserted on the 

 bases of 'lie calyx-lobes; ovary sui)erior, 1-2-celled : styles 1-2; ovules solitary. anatroi)0!is 

 and pendulous. Fntit an aggregation of drupelets, each inclosed in the thick fleshy calyx. 



KEY TO THE GENERA. 



Both staminate and i)islillate flowers in spikes; leaves dentate and lobed : compound fruit 



oblong Morus. 



Staminate flowers racemos(> ; pistillate cai)itate 



Leaves crenate-serrate. velvety and on vigorous shoots, lobed Broussonetia. 



Leaves entire, glabrous, not lobed Toxylon. 



THE MULBERRIES. Genus MORUS L. 



Trees of eight or ten species, with milky juice and mostly of the tropical and north 

 temperate regions of both hemispheres. Two are indigcu(uis to thi' I'nited States, one being 

 found along tlie Mexican frontier iuid the other in nuist of the Atlantic states. A third 

 is a species inii-oduccd from .Japan and eastern Asia and extensively naturalized in eastern 

 T'nited States. 



fjcarcs serrate-dentate and sometimes .".-.">-lobed or mitten-shaped, all forms often on 

 the same tree. H-nerved at ba-e. Ftoni r.f snuill. appearing with the unfolding of the leaves 

 or soon after; the staminate in cylindrical, pedunculate ament-like spikes; calyx deeply 

 4-lobed ; stamens 4, opposite the calyx lobes, inflexed in the bud. straightening out elastically 

 ( thereby scattering the pollen ) and becoming exserted ; anthers 2-celled. introrse. longitud- 

 inally dehiscent; pistillate flowers sessile, in shorter compact spikes; calyx 4-parted. with 

 (hick j)ersistent lobes enveloping the flattened ovoid ovary which is crowned with two white 

 spi-eading stigmas. l-'niif a blackberry-like agsrregation of drupelets i siiir<iri) ) . each tijiped 

 u-ith the remnants of the styles and formed by the nutlet enveloped by the succulent enlarged 

 and colored calyx; seed pendulous with curved embryo and scanty nlluimen. 



Morus is the ancient Latin name of the M uUxrrii-tn ( . 



Ki:V TO TIIE SPECIES. 



Leaves rough above, pub.'scent heiicalh ; fruil purjile M. rubra. 



Ix-aves glabrous or iicaiiy so both sides : fi-uit usually white M. alba. 



For sprcics scr pp. I'.U'<- !<>'.> . 



THE PAPER MULBERRY. Cf.xcs llROl'S.^DXI-.TI.V N'i-xt. 



Trees ami shrubs of tlircc or four speci(^s with milky juice and natives of eastern Asia, 

 one s]i(vi(>s being wiijrjy ii.-il urali/ 'd in eastern Cnited Stales. 



Leaves both alternate and opposite, entire or toothed, serrate, withoiit lolies or variously 

 1-5-lobpd. petioled. ;^nerved at base. Floirrrs diiecious. staminate in cylin<lrical nodding 

 ament-like spikes; calyx 4-i)arted ; stamens 4; pistillate flowers cai)ilate with tubular jierianth. 

 stalked ovary and 2-cleft style. Fruit in a globular head and nutlet exserted with enlarged 

 led (l(wh\ stii)e and iicrianth. 



Named in honor of 7'. .V. V. I{n>us.-«nirf. a Erench naturalist. 

 For sj„t irs srr pp. .'IKI-.^OI. 



28 



