54 HANDY-BOOK OP HUSBANDRY. 



five feet high, and is to be divided, by vv^alls of the same height, 

 into four yards, communicating by gateways. Each yard contains 

 about one-third of an acre, and is to be used as an exercising 

 ground for one-fourth of the stock. The arrangement of the 

 yards and buildings is shovi^n in Fig. 6. 



The arrangement of the entrances at the opposite ends by 

 which the different floors are reached is shown in Fig. 7, which 

 represents a sectional view through the barn at the head of the 

 stalls on one side. A perspective view is shown in Fig. 8, which 

 shows the east end and south side of the barn. The north side is 

 exactly the same as the south, except that the stone foundation 

 is carried up to the level of the top floor for better protection 

 against cold north winds. Figs. 9, 9I, and 12 show the arrange- 

 ment of the cattle, hay, and basement floors. 



The cellar was dug out seven feet deep at the east end and five 

 feet deep at the west end, the earth excavated being mainly de- 

 posited back of the abutment, making an easily graded road, strik- 

 ing the level of the ground about two hundred feet east of the 

 barn. The descending driveway, by which the cellar is entered 

 from the west, slopes about four feet in a distance of thirty feet, 

 the steepest grade about the barn. The entire basement on each 

 side of the gangway is for the storage of manure, except that por- 

 tion which is taken off by the root cellar, 22 x 25 feet. The walls 

 are of stone, laid in lime and cement mortar, and the wall about 

 the root cellar is topped out with brick, fitted closely around the 

 floor timbers. 



The root cellar is ventilated by a window on the south side, 

 which is also used for shooting in the roots. The gangway is 

 left clear for wagons to be taken in to be loaded with manure. 

 The arrangement of the feeding floor is tolerably well shown in 

 the cut. Its only peculiarities are — (i) A railway which extends 

 from the west end, the entire length of the barn, on which runs 

 a four-wheeled truck, holding in summer a rack large enough to 

 contain a horse cart-load of green fodder, and in winter a large 

 box for cut and steamed food. (2) An open-slatted floor occu- 

 pying a length of seven feet from about the middle of the line of 



