FENCES AND FARM BUILDINGS. 75 



" for cider mill over the cider press ; r, chimney ; j, j, hay-shoots 



"from above 5 /, /, /, /, trap-doors for Fig. aj-section of wing. 



" bedding ; «, «, «, «, trap-doors for 



" hay, stalks, and other fodder. The y/ >. 



" corn floor may be over one of the lofts. '^ ^ 



Dr. H. also recounts, as follows, "the 

 conditions of a good barn," etc. : — 



" I. There should be one head, and 

 " he should be able to control com- 

 " pletely everybody and every thing in the whole barn. To 

 "obtain this, 'Centralization' and one general system are 

 " necessary. Without this no man can farm with profit, and no 

 " barn plan is good which is incompatible with a high degree of 

 "both. 



" 2. Arrangements for saving labor as much as possible, in 

 " taking care of stock and other work. The easiest way should, 

 " when possible, be the right way. 



" 3. Security for fodder, grain, roots, fruit, and all crops. 



" 4. Facilities for protecting, and means of making manure. 



" 5. Provision for the comfort and health of animals. 

 " a. Full and direct light in the stables. 

 " b. Ventilation of stables, cellars, and loft. 

 " c. Southerly exposure of yards. 



" 6. Shelter for all tools and implements. 



" 7. Provision for work on rainy and cold days." 



Mr. Thomas, in the Register of Rural Affairs, quoted above, 

 gives the following very useful hints to those who are about 

 building barns : — 



" ESTIMATING THE CAPACITY OF BARNS. 



" Very few farmers are aware of the precise amount of shelter 

 " needed for their crops, but lay their plans of out-buildings from 

 " vague conjecture or guessing. As a consequence, much of 

 " their products have to be stacked outside, after their buildings 

 " have been completed ; and if additions are made, they must of 

 "necessity be put up at the expense of convenient arrangement. 



