108 HANDY-BOOK OF HUSBANDRY. 



cessary to trim the ends, to make even a tolerable joint. The 

 usual sizes of these tiles are ij inch, 2| inches, and 3^ inches 

 in interior diameter. Sections of the 2| inch make collars for the 

 ji inch, and sections of the 31 inch make collars for the 2^ inch. 

 The 3-|-inch size does not need collars, as it is easily secured in 

 place, and is only used where the flow of water would be sufficient 

 to wash out any slight amount of /oreign matters that might enter 

 at the joints. When collars cannot be conveniently procured, an 

 excellent substitute for them may be cheaply obtained from any 

 tinsmith, in the, form of strips of refuse zinc, galvanized iron. 



Fig. 39. — Pipe Tile and Collar, and the same as laid. 



or tinplate from i-| to 2 inches wide. I have had such made by 

 a tinsmith in Newport, for a cost of 8c. per lb. — averaging per- 

 haps, $3 per thousand. They are easily formed to the shape of 

 the tile by being bent over a round stick. If used with " sole" 

 tiles (those having a flat side to stand on) they need be only long 

 enough to form a saddle over the top. 



The sizes of tiles to be used is a question of consequence. In 

 England, i-inch pieces are frequently used, but li-inch tiles* are 

 recommended for the smallest drains. Beyond this limit, the pro- 

 per size to select is, the smallest that can convey the water which 

 will ordinarily reach it after a heavy rain. The smaller the pipe, 

 the more concentrated the flow, and, consequently, the more 

 thoroughly obstructions will be removed, and the occasional 

 flushing of the pipe, when it is taxed for a few hours to its 

 utmost capacity, will insure a thorough cleansing. No inconveni- 

 ence can result from the fact that, on rare occasions, the drain is 

 unable, for a short time, to discharge all the water that reaches it ; 



* Taking the difference of friction into consideration, i^-inch pipes have fully twice 

 the discharging capacity of i-inch pipes. 



